Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

2,293 questions · 2,395 findings · 172 reviews · Gut

No studies found 420 · 17.5%GRADE not reported 60 · 2.5%Very low 821 · 34.3%Low 602 · 25.1%Moderate 397 · 16.6%High 95 · 4%

Proton pump inhibitors (PPI) vs control

Number of participants with worsening scores in corporal intestinal metaplasia · people with pre‐malignant lesions

Proton pump inhibitor showed no clear difference in number of participants with worsening scores in corporal intestinal… compared with control (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Proton pump inhibitors (PPI) vs control

Increase in the number of participants with simple (diffuse) hyperplasia after treatment · people with pre‐malignant lesions

It is very uncertain whether proton pump inhibitor changes increase in the number of participants with simple (diffuse)… compared with control (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Proton pump inhibitors (PPI) vs control

Increase in the number of participants with linear/micronodular (focal) hyperplasia, comparing final biopsies with baseline biopsies · people with pre‐malignant lesions

Proton pump inhibitor may leads to higher increase in the number of participants with linear/micronodular… compared with control (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Laparoscopic vs open surgery

Septic abdominal complications (presence or absence) Clinical definition · patients with perforated peptic ulcer disease

Laparoscopic surgery showed no clear difference in septic abdominal complications (presence or absence) Clinical… compared with open surgery (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Laparoscopic vs open surgery

Pulmonary complications (0 to 30 days) · patients with perforated peptic ulcer disease

Laparoscopic surgery showed no clear difference in pulmonary complications (presence or absence) compared with open surgery (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

the toxic and side effects in digestive system after chemotherapy (no special data in trial of Zhang 2006) · patients with induction of remission in advanced or late gastric cancer

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes the toxic and side effects in digestive system after chemotherapy… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review