Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

2,234 questions · 2,325 findings · 216 reviews · Airways

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No studies found 249 · 10.7%GRADE not reported 107 · 4.6%Very low 276 · 11.9%Low 751 · 32.3%Moderate 718 · 30.9%High 224 · 9.6%

Intervention not reported

Patients with unscheduled visits to the emergency department 6‐month · patients with clinician‐diagnosed asthma

1 finding from 1 review

Smartphone and tablet self management apps for asthma 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 370 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Hospital admissions 6‐month · patients with clinician‐diagnosed asthma

1 finding from 1 review

Smartphone and tablet self management apps for asthma 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 370 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

GP consultations for asthma 6‐month · patients with clinician‐diagnosed asthma

1 finding from 1 review

Smartphone and tablet self management apps for asthma 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 281 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Unscheduled general practice nurse consultation 6‐month · patients with clinician‐diagnosed asthma

1 finding from 1 review

Smartphone and tablet self management apps for asthma 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 281 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Out of hours attendances 6‐month · patients with clinician‐diagnosed asthma

1 finding from 1 review

Smartphone and tablet self management apps for asthma 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 281 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

HRQoL measured on the SF‐12 questionnaire ‐ SF ‐ 12 6‐month · patients with clinician‐diagnosed asthma

1 finding from 1 review

Smartphone and tablet self management apps for asthma 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 89 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

HRQoL measured on the mini‐AQLQ 6‐month · patients with clinician‐diagnosed asthma

1 finding from 1 review

Smartphone and tablet self management apps for asthma 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 201 participants
Low

Long‐acting beta2‐agonists vs placebo

Outcomes · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Long‐acting beta₂‐agonists for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Long‐acting beta2‐agonists vs placebo

Quality of life St George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) score · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Long‐acting beta2‐agonists showed no clear difference in quality of life1 St George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ); lower… compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Long‐acting beta₂‐agonists for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
17 studies · 11397 participants
Moderate

Long‐acting beta2‐agonists vs placebo

Severe exacerbations requiring hospitalisation over the study period · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Long‐acting beta2‐agonists probably leads to lower severe exacerbations (hospitalisations) compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Long‐acting beta₂‐agonists for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.73 [0.56, 0.95]
7 studies · 2859 participants
Moderate

Long‐acting beta2‐agonists vs placebo

Moderate exacerbations (course of antibiotics or oral steroids) · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Long‐acting beta2‐agonists probably leads to lower moderate exacerbations (course of antibiotics or oral steroids) compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Long‐acting beta₂‐agonists for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.73 [0.61, 0.87]
7 studies · 3375 participants
Moderate

Long‐acting beta2‐agonists vs placebo

Moderate‐to‐severe exacerbations (rate) · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Long‐acting beta2‐agonists showed no clear difference in severe/moderate exacerbations (hospitalisation or course of… compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Long‐acting beta₂‐agonists for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.88 [0.76, 1.02]
7 studies · 3968 participants
Moderate

Long‐acting beta2‐agonists vs placebo

Mortality (all‐cause) · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Long‐acting beta2‐agonists showed no clear difference in mortality (all‐cause) compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Long‐acting beta₂‐agonists for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.9 [0.75, 1.08]
23 studies · 14079 participants
Moderate

Long‐acting beta2‐agonists vs placebo

Participants with one or more serious adverse event (non‐fatal) · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Long‐acting beta2‐agonists showed no clear difference in participants with one or more serious adverse event (non‐fatal) compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Long‐acting beta₂‐agonists for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.97 [0.83, 1.14]
20 studies · 12446 participants
Moderate

Long‐acting beta2‐agonists vs placebo

FEV1 · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Long‐acting beta2‐agonists showed no clear difference in predose FEV1 (mL) compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Long‐acting beta₂‐agonists for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
MD 73
14 studies · 6125 participants
Low

Ciclesonide vs budesonide (dose ratio 1:2)

Asthma symptoms · children with chronic asthma

1 finding from 1 review

Ciclesonide versus other inhaled corticosteroids for chronic asthma in children 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 1024 participants
Low

Ciclesonide vs budesonide (dose ratio 1:2)

Exacerbations · children with chronic asthma

It is very uncertain whether ciclesonide changes patients with exacerbations Number of patients with exacerbations compared with budesonide (dose ratio 1:2) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Ciclesonide versus other inhaled corticosteroids for chronic asthma in children 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.2 [0.75, 6.43]
2 studies · 1024 participants
Very low

Ciclesonide vs budesonide (dose ratio 1:2)

Adverse events Number of patients with adverse events · children with chronic asthma

1 finding from 1 review

Ciclesonide versus other inhaled corticosteroids for chronic asthma in children 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 1024 participants
Low

Ciclesonide vs fluticasone (dose ratio 1:1)

Asthma symptoms · children with chronic asthma

1 finding from 1 review

Ciclesonide versus other inhaled corticosteroids for chronic asthma in children 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 1468 participants
Moderate

Ciclesonide vs fluticasone (dose ratio 1:1)

Exacerbations · children with chronic asthma

It is very uncertain whether ciclesonide changes patients with exacerbations Number of patients with exacerbations compared with fluticasone (dose ratio 1:1) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Ciclesonide versus other inhaled corticosteroids for chronic asthma in children 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.37 [0.58, 3.21]
2 studies · 1003 participants
Very low