What do systematic reviews say?

Phenobarbital vs supportive care

It is very uncertain whether phenobarbital changes treatment failure To discharge compared with supportive care (very low certainty).

• Sedatives for opioid withdrawal in newborn infants 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 2.73 [0.94, 7.94]
  1 study · 62 participants
  Very low

Phenobarbital vs chlorpromazine

It is very uncertain whether phenobarbital changes treatment failure To discharge compared with chlorpromazine (very low certainty).

• Sedatives for opioid withdrawal in newborn infants 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.55 [0.33, 0.92]
  2 studies · 138 participants
  Very low

Phenobarbital and opioid vs opioid

• Sedatives for opioid withdrawal in newborn infants 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 20 participants
  Very low

Clonidine and opioid vs opioid

It is very uncertain whether clonidine and opioid changes treatment failure To discharge compared with opioid alone (very low certainty).

• Sedatives for opioid withdrawal in newborn infants 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.09 [0.01, 1.59]
  1 study · 80 participants
  Very low

Clonidine and opioid vs phenobarbital and opioid

It is very uncertain whether clonidine and opioid changes treatment failure To discharge compared with phenobarbital and opioid (very low certainty).

• Sedatives for opioid withdrawal in newborn infants 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 2.27 [0.98, 5.25]
  2 studies · 93 participants
  Very low

Phenobarbital vs diazepam

Phenobarbital may leads to lower treatment failure To discharge compared with diazepam (low certainty).

• Sedatives for opioid withdrawal in newborn infants 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.39 [0.24, 0.62]
  2 studies · 139 participants
  Low

Opioids vs Placebo, no intervention or usual care (with or without placebo)

It is very uncertain whether opioid changes treatment failure To discharge compared with placebo or no treatment / usual care (very low certainty).

• Opioid treatment for opioid withdrawal in newborn infants 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.29 [0.41, 4.07]
  1 study · 80 participants
  Very low

Morphine vs buprenorphine

It is very uncertain whether morphine changes treatment failure To discharge compared with buprenorphine (very low certainty).

• Opioid treatment for opioid withdrawal in newborn infants 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.79 [0.36, 1.74]
  3 studies · 113 participants
  Very low

Opioids vs clonidine

• Opioid treatment for opioid withdrawal in newborn infants 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 31 participants
  Low

Opioids vs diazepam

Opioid may leads to lower treatment failure To discharge compared with diazepam (low certainty).

• Opioid treatment for opioid withdrawal in newborn infants 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.43 [0.23, 0.8]
  2 studies · 86 participants
  Low

Opioids vs phenobarbital

Opioid probably leads to lower treatment failure To discharge compared with phenobarbital (moderate certainty).

• Opioid treatment for opioid withdrawal in newborn infants 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.51 [0.35, 0.74]
  6 studies · 458 participants
  Moderate

Opioids vs chlorpromazine

Opioid probably leads to lower treatment failure To discharge compared with chlorpromazine (moderate certainty).

• Opioid treatment for opioid withdrawal in newborn infants 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.08 [0.01, 0.62]
  1 study · 90 participants
  Moderate

Morphine vs methadone

Morphine showed no clear difference in treatment failure To discharge compared with methadone (low certainty).

• Opioid treatment for opioid withdrawal in newborn infants 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.59 [0.95, 2.67]
  2 studies · 147 participants
  Low

Early vs late continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Early versus delayed continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) for respiratory distress in preterm infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found