Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

7 questions · 7 findings · 4 reviews · Developmental, Psychosocial and Learning Problems

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No studies found 1 · 14.3%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 5 · 71.4%Low 0 · 0%Moderate 1 · 14.3%High 0 · 0%

Music therapy vs placebo or usual care

Adverse events Any serious or non‐serious adverse event · Individuals with autism spectrum disorder

Music therapy showed no clear difference in adverse events Any serious or non‐serious adverse event compared with placebo therapy or standard care (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Music therapy for autistic people 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.52 [0.39, 5.94]
2 studies · 326 participants
Moderate

Antidepressants vs placebo

Non‐serious adverse events Timing of outcome assessment: end of treatment · patients with borderline personality disorder

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological interventions for people with borderline personality disorder 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Methylphenidate vs placebo or no intervention

Adverse events considered non‐serious (penicillin versus doxycycline) · Children and adolescents with ADHD

It is very uncertain whether methylphenidate changes proportion of participants with one or more adverse events… compared with placebo or no intervention (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Methylphenidate for children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.23 [1.11, 1.37]
35 studies · 5342 participants
Very low

Mood stabilisers vs placebo

Non‐serious adverse events Timing of outcome assessment: end of treatment · patients with borderline personality disorder

It is very uncertain whether mood stabilisers changes non‐serious adverse events Timing of outcome assessment: end of… compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological interventions for people with borderline personality disorder 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.84
1 study · 276 participants
Very low

Antipsychotics vs placebo

Non‐serious adverse events Timing of outcome assessment: end of treatment · patients with borderline personality disorder

It is very uncertain whether antipsychotics changes non‐serious adverse events Timing of outcome assessment: end of… compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological interventions for people with borderline personality disorder 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.07
5 studies · 814 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Non‐serious adverse events Measured by: proportion of any non‐serious adverse events Average study duration (range): 5.99 months (1 day to 41 months) · children and adolescents aged 18 years and under diagnosed with ADHD

1 finding from 1 review

Methylphenidate for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents – assessment of… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
49 studies · 13978 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Withdrawal of methylphenidate due to non‐serious adverse events Measured by: proportion of participants withdrawn from treatment Average study duration (range): 5.60 months (0.6 months to 41 months) · children and adolescents aged 18 years and under diagnosed with ADHD

1 finding from 1 review

Methylphenidate for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents – assessment of… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
37 studies · 7142 participants
Very low