What do systematic reviews say?

Supervised exercise therapy following vascular intervention vs vascular intervention alone

It is very uncertain whether supervised exercise therapy following vascular intervention changes mortality compared with vascular intervention alone (very low certainty).

• Effects of additional exercise therapy after a successful vascular intervention for people with symptomatic peripheral… 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.92 [0.42, 2]
  6 studies · 346 participants
  Very low

Heparin vs normal saline solution locking

It is very uncertain whether heparin changes mortality compared with normal saline solution locking (very low certainty).

• Heparin versus 0.9% sodium chloride locking for prevention of occlusion in central venous catheters in adults 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.76 [0.44, 1.31]
  3 studies · 1100 participants
  Very low

Retroperitoneal approach vs transperitoneal approach

It is very uncertain whether retroperitoneal approach changes mortality compared with transperitoneal approach (very low certainty).

• Retroperitoneal versus transperitoneal approach for elective open abdominal aortic aneurysm repair 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.32 [0.01, 8.25]
  3 studies · 110 participants
  Very low

Early open repair vs ultrasound surveillance

Early open repair leads to lower mortality ( compared with ultrasound surveillance (high certainty).

• Surgery for small asymptomatic abdominal aortic aneurysms 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.99
  2 studies · 2226 participants
  High

Early endovascular repair vs ultrasound surveillance

Early endovascular repair showed no clear difference in mortality ( compared with ultrasound surveillance (low certainty).

• Surgery for small asymptomatic abdominal aortic aneurysms 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.92 [0.73, 5.06]
  2 studies · 846 participants
  Low

Atherectomy vs balloon angioplasty with primary stenting

It is very uncertain whether atherectomy changes mortality ( compared with balloon angioplasty with primary stenting (very low certainty).

• Atherectomy for peripheral arterial disease 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.38 [0.04, 3.23]
  1 study · 155 participants
  Very low

Atherectomy vs balloon angioplasty

It is very uncertain whether atherectomy changes mortality ( compared with balloon angioplasty (very low certainty).

• Atherectomy for peripheral arterial disease 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.5 [0.1, 2.66]
  3 studies · 210 participants
  Very low

Prophylactic LMWH vs placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Treatment for superficial thrombophlebitis of the leg 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Therapeutic LMWH vs placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Treatment for superficial thrombophlebitis of the leg 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

NSAIDs vs placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Treatment for superficial thrombophlebitis of the leg 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Fondaparinux vs placebo

Fondaparinux showed no clear difference in mortality compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

• Treatment for superficial thrombophlebitis of the leg 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 2 [0.18, 22]
  1 study · 3002 participants
  Moderate

Aspirin vs placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Antiplatelet and anticoagulant agents for primary prevention of thrombosis in individuals with antiphospholipid… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

ASA with LMWH vs placebo or IVIG

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Antiplatelet and anticoagulant agents for primary prevention of thrombosis in individuals with antiphospholipid… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

ASA + high‐dose LMWH vs ASA + low‐dose LMWH or UFH

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Antiplatelet and anticoagulant agents for primary prevention of thrombosis in individuals with antiphospholipid… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Anticoagulant with or without ASA vs ASA only

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Antiplatelet and anticoagulant agents for primary prevention of thrombosis in individuals with antiphospholipid… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in mortality (moderate certainty).

• Duration of treatment with vitamin K antagonists in symptomatic venous thromboembolism 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.69 [0.35, 1.34]
  4 studies · 1049 participants
  Moderate

High‐dose vs low‐dose regimens of thrombolytic agents

• Infusion techniques for peripheral arterial thrombolysis 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  4 studies · 302 participants
  Very low

Continuous infusion vs forced (or pulse) infusion of thrombolytic agents

• Infusion techniques for peripheral arterial thrombolysis 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  4 studies · 304 participants
  Very low

Intervention not reported

• Infusion techniques for peripheral arterial thrombolysis 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 70 participants
  GRADE not reported

Intra‐arterial delivery vs intravenous delivery

• Infusion techniques for peripheral arterial thrombolysis 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 78 participants
  Low