Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

12 questions · 12 findings · 4 reviews · Neonatal

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No studies found 3 · 25%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 3 · 25%Low 3 · 25%Moderate 3 · 25%High 0 · 0%

Summary of findings table ‐ Silicone earplugs vs no earplugs

All‐cause mortality during hospital stay · preterm or very low birth weight infants

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Silicone earplugs changes all‐cause mortality during hospital stay compared with no earplugs (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Noise or sound management in the neonatal intensive care unit for preterm or very low birth weight infants 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.07 [0.64, 6.7]
1 study · 34 participants
Very low

Pentoxifylline with antibiotics (any dose or duration) vs placebo or no intervention

All‐cause mortality during hospital stay · neonates with sepsis

Pentoxifylline with antibiotics (any dose or duration) may leads to lower all‐cause mortality during hospital stay compared with placebo or no intervention (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pentoxifylline for treatment of sepsis and necrotising enterocolitis in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.57 [0.35, 0.93]
6 studies · 416 participants
Low

Pentoxifylline with antibiotics (any dose or duration) vs immunoglobulin M‐enriched intravenous immunoglobulin with antibiotics

All‐cause mortality during hospital stay · neonates with sepsis

It is very uncertain whether pentoxifylline with antibiotics (any dose or duration) changes all‐cause mortality during hospital stay compared with immunoglobulin M‐enriched intravenous immunoglobulin with antibiotics (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pentoxifylline for treatment of sepsis and necrotising enterocolitis in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.25 [0.36, 4.39]
1 study · 102 participants
Very low

Pentoxifylline with antibiotics (any dose or duration) vs pentoxifylline with antibiotics and immunoglobulin M‐enriched intravenous immunoglobulin

All‐cause mortality during hospital stay · neonates with sepsis

It is very uncertain whether pentoxifylline with antibiotics (any dose or duration) changes all‐cause mortality during hospital stay compared with pentoxifylline with antibiotics and immunoglobulin M‐enriched… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pentoxifylline for treatment of sepsis and necrotising enterocolitis in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.71 [0.24, 2.1]
1 study · 102 participants
Very low

Early treatment vs expectant management

All‐cause mortality during hospital stay · preterm infants

Early treatment showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality during hospital stay compared with expectant management (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Early treatment versus expectant management of hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus for preterm infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.8 [0.46, 1.39]
6 studies · 500 participants
Moderate

Very early treatment vs expectant management

All‐cause mortality during hospital stay · preterm infants

Very early treatment showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality during hospital stay compared with expectant management (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Early treatment versus expectant management of hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus for preterm infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.94 [0.58, 1.53]
7 studies · 384 participants
Moderate

Paracetamol vs ibuprofen

All‐cause mortality during hospital stay · preterm or low birth weight infants with PDA

Paracetamol showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality during initial hospital stay(by clinical… compared with ibuprofen (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Paracetamol (acetaminophen) for patent ductus arteriosus in preterm or low birth weight infants 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.09 [0.8, 1.48]
8 studies · 734 participants
Moderate

Early paracetamol vs placebo or no intervention

All‐cause mortality during hospital stay · preterm or low birth weight infants with PDA

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Paracetamol (acetaminophen) for patent ductus arteriosus in preterm or low birth weight infants 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Late paracetamol vs placebo or no intervention

All‐cause mortality during hospital stay · preterm or low birth weight infants with PDA

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Paracetamol (acetaminophen) for patent ductus arteriosus in preterm or low birth weight infants 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Paracetamol plus ibuprofen (oral or IV) vs ibuprofen plus placebo (oral or IV) or no intervention

All‐cause mortality during hospital stay · preterm or low birth weight infants with PDA

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Paracetamol (acetaminophen) for patent ductus arteriosus in preterm or low birth weight infants 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Paracetamol vs indomethacin

All‐cause mortality during hospital stay · preterm infants with PDA

Paracetamol showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality during initial hospital stay (by clinical… compared with indomethacin (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Paracetamol (acetaminophen) for patent ductus arteriosus in preterm or low birth weight infants 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.86 [0.39, 1.92]
2 studies · 114 participants
Low

Prophylactic administration of paracetamol vs placebo or no intervention

All‐cause mortality during hospital stay · preterm infants with PDA

Prophylactic administration of paracetamol showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality during initial hospital stay (by clinical… compared with placebo or no intervention (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Paracetamol (acetaminophen) for patent ductus arteriosus in preterm or low birth weight infants 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.59 [0.24, 1.44]
3 studies · 240 participants
Low