Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

4,918 questions · 5,537 findings · 1,803 reviews

No studies found 1,309 · 23.6%GRADE not reported 440 · 7.9%Very low 1,560 · 28.2%Low 1,292 · 23.3%Moderate 751 · 13.6%High 185 · 3.3%

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Powered toothbrush (any mode of action) vs Manual toothbrush

Adverse events (soft tissue trauma) · Individuals of any age with no reported disability that might affect toothbrushing (including people wearing orthodontic appliances)
1 finding from 1 review
  • SoF 'Adverse events' row (narrative): There was no apparent relationship between the use of powered toothbrushes and soft tissue trauma. In part this finding was due to the very small number of adverse events reported…
    40 studies
    GRADE not reported

Immune checkpoint inhibitors vs any first‐line chemotherapy

Adverse events grade 3 to 5 Range of · participants with advanced or metastatic muscle invasive bladder cancer

Immune checkpoint inhibitors probably leads to lower adverse events grade 3 to 5 Range of compared with any first‐line chemotherapy (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral alkylating agents ± steroids vs steroids or placebo or both, or no treatment

Adverse events: malignancy · primary membranous nephropathy in adults with nephrotic syndrome

It is very uncertain whether oral alkylating agents ± steroids changes adverse events ‐ malignancy at final compared with placebo/no treatment/steroids (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Immunosuppressive treatment vs placebo/no treatment/non‐immunosuppressive supportive treatment

Adverse events: infection at 3 years · primary membranous nephropathy in adults with nephrotic syndrome

It is very uncertain whether immunosuppressive treatment changes adverse events: infection at 3 years compared with placebo/no treatment/non‐immunosuppressive supportive treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Sclerotherapy vs placebo

Adverse events ‐ hyperpigmentation ( · people with telangiectasias and reticular veins

Sclerotherapy probably leads to higher adverse events ‐ hyperpigmentation ( compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review