Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

73 questions · 73 findings · 27 reviews · Pregnancy and Childbirth

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No studies found 21 · 28.8%GRADE not reported 13 · 17.8%Very low 25 · 34.2%Low 10 · 13.7%Moderate 3 · 4.1%High 1 · 1.4%

Cooling treatment (cold gel pad)+compression vs placebo (gel pad+compression)

Adverse effects · Women with perineal trauma (tear or episiotomy, or both) sustained during childbirth

1 finding from 1 review

Local cooling for relieving pain from perineal trauma sustained during childbirth 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Electromagnetic therapy plus analgesia vs placebo plus analgesia

Adverse effects · post‐caesarean pain

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Complementary and alternative therapies for post‐caesarean pain 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Music plus analgesia vs analgesia

Adverse effects · post‐caesarean pain

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Complementary and alternative therapies for post‐caesarean pain 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Relaxation vs usual care

Adverse effects · post‐caesarean pain

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Complementary and alternative therapies for post‐caesarean pain 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

TENS vs no treatment

Adverse effects · post‐caesarean pain

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Complementary and alternative therapies for post‐caesarean pain 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

TENS plus analgesia vs placebo plus analgesia

Adverse effects · post‐caesarean pain

1 finding from 1 review

Complementary and alternative therapies for post‐caesarean pain 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
234 participants
GRADE not reported

Acupuncture or acupressure plus analgesia vs placebo plus analgesia

Adverse effects · post‐caesarean pain

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Complementary and alternative therapies for post‐caesarean pain 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

TENS plus analgesia vs analgesia

Adverse effects · post‐caesarean pain

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Complementary and alternative therapies for post‐caesarean pain 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Multivitamin plus iron plus folate vs iron plus folate

Any adverse effects · pregnant women

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin supplementation for preventing miscarriage 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Vitamin A plus iron plus folate vs iron plus folate

Any adverse effects · pregnant women

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin supplementation for preventing miscarriage 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Home (point‐of‐use) fortification of foods with multiple micronutrient powders vs multiple micronutrients (MMN)

Adverse effects (any)* · women during pregnancy

1 finding from 1 review

Multiple micronutrient powders for home (point‐of‐use) fortification of foods in pregnant women 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 participants
GRADE not reported

Home (point‐of‐use) fortification of foods with multiple micronutrient powders vs iron folic acid (IFA)

Adverse effects (any)* · women during pregnancy

1 finding from 1 review

Multiple micronutrient powders for home (point‐of‐use) fortification of foods in pregnant women 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 participants
GRADE not reported

Aspirin vs placebo

Neonatal drug adverse effects · women with perineal pain in the early postpartum period

1 finding from 1 review

Aspirin (single dose) for perineal pain in the early postpartum period 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Bromocriptine vs no treatment

Maternal adverse events · women with idiopathic hyperprolactinemia and recurrent miscarriage history

1 finding from 1 review

Dopamine agonists for preventing future miscarriage in women with idiopathic hyperprolactinemia and recurrent… 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Aromatherapy plus analgesia vs placebo plus analgesia

Anxiety (adverse effect, post‐intervention) · post‐caesarean pain

1 finding from 1 review

Complementary and alternative therapies for post‐caesarean pain 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 80 participants
Very low

Massage (foot and hand) plus analgesia vs analgesia

Anxiety (adverse effect, post‐intervention) · post‐caesarean pain

1 finding from 1 review

Complementary and alternative therapies for post‐caesarean pain 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 266 participants
Very low

Music plus analgesia vs placebo plus analgesia

Anxiety (adverse effect, post‐intervention) · post‐caesarean pain

1 finding from 1 review

Complementary and alternative therapies for post‐caesarean pain 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 77 participants
Very low

Reiki plus analgesia vs analgesia

Anxiety (adverse effect, post‐intervention) · post‐caesarean pain

1 finding from 1 review

Complementary and alternative therapies for post‐caesarean pain 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 90 participants
Very low

Laxative plus bulking agent vs laxative alone

Adverse effects on babies · postpartum women who underwent surgical repair of third degree perineal tears

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for preventing postpartum constipation 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Antibiotics vs no antibiotics

Adverse effects on infant · women undergoing caesarean section

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotic prophylaxis versus no prophylaxis for preventing infection after cesarean section 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported