Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

1,949 questions · 1,994 findings · 636 reviews

No studies found 504 · 25.3%GRADE not reported 340 · 17.1%Very low 477 · 23.9%Low 390 · 19.6%Moderate 241 · 12.1%High 42 · 2.1%

Buprenorphine vs alpha2‐adrenergic agonists

Number with treatment stopped due to adverse effects · Adults or adolescents with opioid dependence

Buprenorphine showed no clear difference in number with treatment stopped due to adverse effects compared with alpha2‐adrenergic agonists (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

CHLORPROMAZINE LOW DOSE (≤ 400 mg/day) vs HIGH DOSE (> 800 mg/day ‐ all medium term)

Adverse effects: unspecified extrapyramidal symptoms · schizophrenia

CHLORPROMAZINE LOW DOSE (≤ 400 mg/day) probably leads to lower adverse effects: unspecified extrapyramidal symptoms compared with HIGH DOSE (> 800 mg/day ‐ all medium term) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

HALOPERIDOL vs OLANZAPINE

Adverse effects: Specific ‐ dystonia during 24 hours · psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation

It is very uncertain whether HALOPERIDOL changes adverse effects: Specific ‐ dystonia during 24 hours compared with OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: e. OLANZAPINE (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

HALOPERIDOL vs ZIPRASIDONE

Adverse effects: Specific ‐ dystonia between 0‐3 days (IM phase) · psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation

It is very uncertain whether HALOPERIDOL changes adverse effects: Specific ‐ dystonia during 72 hours compared with OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: j. ZIPRASIDONE (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Systemic interventions (aciclovir, thalidomide, corticosteroids, rebamipide, etanercept, colchicine, interferon-alpha) vs placebo

Safety of the intervention (adverse effects) · People with Behcet's disease with a history of recurrent oral aphthous-type (RAS-type) ulcers diagnosed clinically; primary care
1 finding from 1 review
  • SoF 2 (systemic interventions vs placebo), grouped comment spanning all four listed outcomes (verbatim; the review's wording "topical" is a typo for systemic): "8 placebo-controlled trials evaluated topical…
    Studies not reported
    GRADE not reported

Cyclosporin (systemic; 10 mg/kg/day for 16 weeks) vs Colchicine (systemic; 1 mg daily)

Safety of the intervention (adverse effects) · People with Behcet's disease with a history of recurrent oral aphthous-type (RAS-type) ulcers diagnosed clinically; primary care
1 finding from 1 review

Topical interventions (sucralfate, interferon-alpha, cyclosporin A) vs placebo

Safety of the intervention (adverse effects) · People with Behcet's disease with a history of recurrent oral aphthous-type (RAS-type) ulcers diagnosed clinically; primary care
1 finding from 1 review
  • SoF (topical interventions vs placebo), grouped comment spanning all four listed outcomes (verbatim): "5 placebo-controlled trials evaluated topical interventions (sucralfate suspension (2 trials), interferon-alpha (2…
    Studies not reported
    GRADE not reported

Thalidomide (systemic; 100 mg or 300 mg daily) vs placebo

Safety of the intervention (adverse effects) · People with Behcet's disease with a history of recurrent oral aphthous-type (RAS-type) ulcers diagnosed clinically; primary care
1 finding from 1 review
  • Interventions for managing oral ulcers in Behçet's disease 2014 · Cochrane All outcomes
    Males only
    Hamuryudan 1998: significant adverse effects including severe sedation, polyneuropathy, loss of libido, and weight gain; a greater number of adverse events was seen for the higher (300 mg) dose; 4 patients withdrew due…
    1 study · 101 participants
    GRADE not reported

Epinephrine vs epinephrine and any second endoscopic method

Adverse effects of endoscopy therapy Adverse effects · patients with high‐risk bleeding ulcers

Epinephrine probably leads to higher adverse effects of endoscopy therapy Adverse effects compared with epinephrine and any second endoscopic method (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interferon-alpha (systemic) vs Placebo (subcutaneous)

Safety of the intervention (adverse effects) · People with Behcet's disease with a history of recurrent oral aphthous-type (RAS-type) ulcers diagnosed clinically; primary care
1 finding from 1 review
  • Alpsoy 2002: high rate of adverse events including alopecia, leukopenia, and diarrhoea; 18 of 23 patients in the treatment arm experienced mild flu-like symptoms.
    1 study · 50 participants
    GRADE not reported

Photodynamic therapy with verteporfin vs photodynamic therapy with 5% dextrose

Adverse effects: acute severe visual acuity decrease · people with neovascular age‐related macular degeneration

Photodynamic therapy with verteporfin showed no clear difference in adverse effects: acute severe visual acuity decrease compared with photodynamic therapy with 5% dextrose (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Immediate vs delayed postpartum insertion of contraceptive implants

Adverse effects other than prolonged vaginal bleeding · postpartum people who desire a contraceptive implant for contraception

Immediate may leads to higher adverse effects other than prolonged vaginal bleeding compared with delayed postpartum insertion of contraceptive implants (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Hydrophilic‐coated catheter vs uncoated catheter

Adverse effects (urethral trauma/bleeding/haematuria) · long‐term bladder management

Hydrophilic‐coated catheter probably leads to higher adverse effects (urethral trauma/bleeding/haematuria) compared with uncoated catheter (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Continuous platinum infusion vs bolus platinum infusion

Adverse effects: toxic death (no definition provided) · children with cancer treated with platinum‐based therapy

Continuous platinum infusion showed no clear difference in adverse effects: toxic death (no definition provided) compared with bolus platinum infusion (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review