What do systematic reviews say?

Ready‐made vs custom‐made spectacles

• Vision screening for correctable visual acuity deficits in school‐age children and adolescents 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  Low

Free spectacles vs no free spectacles (prescription only)

Free spectacles showed no clear difference in adverse effects compared with no free spectacles (prescription only) (moderate certainty).

• Vision screening for correctable visual acuity deficits in school‐age children and adolescents 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 participants
  Moderate

Rutosides vs an alternative venoactive remedy (hidrosmina)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Rutosides for treatment of post‐thrombotic syndrome 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Intervention not reported

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Contracting out to improve the use of clinical health services and health outcomes in low‐ and middle‐income countries 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

PDEI plus alpha‐blocker vs alpha‐blocker

PDEI plus alpha‐blocker probably leads to higher adverse effects compared with alpha‐blockers alone (moderate certainty).

• Phosphodiesterase inhibitors for lower urinary tract symptoms consistent with benign prostatic hyperplasia 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 2.81 [1.53, 5.17]
  4 studies · 194 participants
  Moderate

Summary of findings table: Art therapy vs active control

• Art therapy for people with dementia 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 60 participants
  Very low

Multifactorial interventions vs exercise

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Multifactorial and multiple component interventions for preventing falls in older people living in the community 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Multi‐component intervention vs usual care or attention control

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Multifactorial and multiple component interventions for preventing falls in older people living in the community 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Multi‐component intervention vs exercise

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Multifactorial and multiple component interventions for preventing falls in older people living in the community 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Multifactorial interventions vs usual care or attention control

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Multifactorial and multiple component interventions for preventing falls in older people living in the community 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Systemic corticosteroids vs placebo

• Systemic corticosteroids for acute otitis media in children 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Information or education intervention as part of a complex intervention vs complex intervention without information or education

• Information or education interventions for adult intensive care unit (ICU) patients and their carers 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 59 participants
  Very low

Information or education intervention vs no education

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Information or education interventions for adult intensive care unit (ICU) patients and their carers 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

ICU follow‐up services vs standard care or no follow‐up service

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Follow‐up services for improving long‐term outcomes in intensive care unit (ICU) survivors 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

SPC paint-on gel vs CP paint-on gel

• Home‐based chemically‐induced whitening (bleaching) of teeth in adults 2018 · Cochrane All outcomes
  One subject in 19% SPC group reported oral sensitivity; all adverse events mild (Barlow 2003)
  1 study
  GRADE not reported

SPC paint-on gel vs HP strips

• Home‐based chemically‐induced whitening (bleaching) of teeth in adults 2018 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Tooth sensitivity and oral irritation most common adverse events with strip use; symptomatic only (Bizhang 2007)
  1 study
  GRADE not reported

HP paint-on gel vs placebo

• Home‐based chemically‐induced whitening (bleaching) of teeth in adults 2018 · Cochrane All outcomes
  HP group had more gum irritation (reddening) than placebo though mild; one case of tooth sensitivity (Collins 2004a)
  1 study
  GRADE not reported

HP strips vs 2% HP mouthwash/rinse

• Home‐based chemically‐induced whitening (bleaching) of teeth in adults 2018 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Tooth sensitivity and oral irritation more common in strip group; all mild (Gerlach 2005)
  1 study
  GRADE not reported

CP paint-on gel vs HP strips

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Home‐based chemically‐induced whitening (bleaching) of teeth in adults 2018 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Not reported
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

HP strips vs placebo

• Home‐based chemically‐induced whitening (bleaching) of teeth in adults 2018 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Mild and transient tooth sensitivity and oral irritation were the most common adverse events reported in most of the trials
  7 studies
  GRADE not reported