Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

76 questions · 78 findings · 7 reviews · Heart

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No studies found 5 · 6.4%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 20 · 25.6%Low 22 · 28.2%Moderate 21 · 26.9%High 10 · 12.8%

High vs low blood pressure target

Acute kidney injury · adults undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass

It is very uncertain whether high changes acute kidney injury compared with low blood pressure target (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

High versus low blood pressure targets for cardiac surgery while on cardiopulmonary bypass 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.3 [0.81, 2.08]
2 studies · 487 participants
Very low

High vs low blood pressure target

Cognitive deterioration · adults undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass

High showed no clear difference in cognitive deterioration compared with low blood pressure target (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

High versus low blood pressure targets for cardiac surgery while on cardiopulmonary bypass 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.82 [0.45, 1.5]
2 studies · 389 participants
Low

High vs low blood pressure target

All‐cause mortality · adults undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass

It is very uncertain whether high changes all‐cause mortality compared with low blood pressure target (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

High versus low blood pressure targets for cardiac surgery while on cardiopulmonary bypass 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.33 [0.3, 5.9]
3 studies · 737 participants
Very low

High vs low blood pressure target

Quality of life · adults undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass

It is very uncertain whether high changes quality of life compared with low blood pressure target (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

High versus low blood pressure targets for cardiac surgery while on cardiopulmonary bypass 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.78 [0.3, 2.01]
1 study · 218 participants
Very low

High vs low blood pressure target

Acute ischaemic stroke · adults undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass

It is very uncertain whether high changes acute ischaemic stroke compared with low blood pressure target (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

High versus low blood pressure targets for cardiac surgery while on cardiopulmonary bypass 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.29 [0.07, 23.63]
2 studies · 426 participants
Very low

High vs low blood pressure target

Length of hospital stay · adults undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass

1 finding from 1 review

High versus low blood pressure targets for cardiac surgery while on cardiopulmonary bypass 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 540 participants
Very low

High vs low blood pressure target

Perioperative transfusion of blood products · adults undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass

1 finding from 1 review

High versus low blood pressure targets for cardiac surgery while on cardiopulmonary bypass 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 540 participants
Very low

High vs low long‐chain omega‐3 fats

All‐cause mortality – deaths · adults with or without existing CVD

High showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality – deaths compared with low long‐chain omega‐3 fats (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Omega‐3 fatty acids for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.97 [0.93, 1.01]
45 studies · 143693 participants
High

High vs low ALA omega‐3 fats

All‐cause mortality – deaths · adults with or without existing CVD

High showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality – deaths compared with low alpha‐linolenic acid omega‐3 fats (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Omega‐3 fatty acids for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.01 [0.84, 1.2]
5 studies · 19327 participants
Moderate

High vs low ALA omega‐3 fats

Cardiovascular mortality · adults with or without existing CVD

High showed no clear difference in cardiovascular mortality – cardiovascular deaths compared with low alpha‐linolenic acid omega‐3 fats (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Omega‐3 fatty acids for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.96 [0.74, 1.25]
4 studies · 18619 participants
Moderate

High vs low ALA omega‐3 fats

Cardiovascular events · adults with or without existing CVD

High showed no clear difference in cardiovascular events compared with low alpha‐linolenic acid omega‐3 fats (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Omega‐3 fatty acids for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.95 [0.83, 1.07]
5 studies · 19327 participants
Low

High vs low ALA omega‐3 fats

Coronary heart disease mortality – CHD deaths · adults with or without existing CVD

High showed no clear difference in coronary heart disease mortality – CHD deaths compared with low alpha‐linolenic acid omega‐3 fats (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Omega‐3 fatty acids for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.95 [0.72, 1.26]
3 studies · 18353 participants
Moderate

High vs low ALA omega‐3 fats

CHD events · adults with or without existing CVD

High showed no clear difference in coronary heart disease events compared with low alpha‐linolenic acid omega‐3 fats (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Omega‐3 fatty acids for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1 [0.82, 1.22]
4 studies · 19061 participants
Low

High vs low ALA omega‐3 fats

Stroke · adults with or without existing CVD

It is very uncertain whether high changes stroke compared with low alpha‐linolenic acid omega‐3 fats (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Omega‐3 fatty acids for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.15 [0.66, 2.01]
5 studies · 19327 participants
Very low

High vs low ALA omega‐3 fats

Arrhythmias · adults with or without existing CVD

High probably leads to lower arrhythmias compared with low alpha‐linolenic acid omega‐3 fats (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Omega‐3 fatty acids for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.73 [0.55, 0.97]
2 studies · 4912 participants
Moderate

High vs low ALA omega‐3 fats

Harms: bleeding · adults with or without existing CVD

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Omega‐3 fatty acids for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

High vs low ALA omega‐3 fats

Harms: pulmonary embolus or DVT · adults with or without existing CVD

It is very uncertain whether high changes harms: pulmonary embolus or DVT compared with low alpha‐linolenic acid omega‐3 fats (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Omega‐3 fatty acids for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.32 [0.01, 7.8]
1 study · 708 participants
Very low

High vs low omega‐3 fats

Outcomes All in trials of 12 to 72 months' duration · adults with or without existing CVD

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Omega‐3 fatty acids for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

High vs low long‐chain omega‐3 fats

Cardiovascular mortality · adults with or without existing CVD

High probably leads to lower cardiovascular mortality – cardiovascular deaths compared with low long‐chain omega‐3 fats (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Omega‐3 fatty acids for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.92 [0.86, 0.99]
29 studies · 117837 participants
Moderate

High vs low omega‐3 fats

Measures of adiposity – LCn3 – Weight, kg · adults with or without existing CVD

1 finding from 1 review

Omega‐3 fatty acids for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
14 studies · 17000 participants
High