Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

95 questions · 107 findings · 7 reviews · Bone, Joint and Muscle Trauma

No studies found 20 · 18.7%GRADE not reported 2 · 1.9%Very low 66 · 61.7%Low 10 · 9.3%Moderate 4 · 3.7%High 5 · 4.7%

Exercise therapy vs a control strategy (no treatment, placebo or waiting list controls)

Pain during activity (short‐term) · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (symptoms > 3 weeks (1 study); symptoms > 1 month (3 studies); symptoms > 2 months (2 studies);…

It is very uncertain whether exercise therapy changes pain during activity (short‐term) Scale (0 to 10; higher scores mean… compared with a control strategy (no treatment, placebo or waiting list controls) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Exercise therapy vs a control strategy (no treatment, placebo or waiting list controls)

Usual pain (short‐term) · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (symptoms > 3 weeks (1 study); symptoms > 1 month (3 studies); symptoms > 2 months (2 studies);…

It is very uncertain whether exercise therapy changes usual pain (short‐term) Scale (0 to 10; higher scores mean worse pain) compared with a control strategy (no treatment, placebo or waiting list controls) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Exercise therapy vs a control strategy (no treatment, placebo or waiting list controls)

Pain during activity (long‐term) VAS (0 to 10; higher scores mean worse pain) · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (symptoms > 3 weeks (1 study); symptoms > 1 month (3 studies); symptoms > 2 months (2 studies);…

It is very uncertain whether exercise therapy changes pain during activity (long‐term) Scale (0 to 10; higher scores mean… compared with a control strategy (no treatment, placebo or waiting list controls) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Exercise therapy vs a control strategy (no treatment, placebo or waiting list controls)

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (symptoms > 3 weeks (1 study); symptoms > 1 month (3 studies); symptoms > 2 months (2 studies);…

It is very uncertain whether exercise therapy changes usual pain (long‐term) VAS (0 to 10; higher scores mean worse pain) compared with a control strategy (no treatment, placebo or waiting list controls) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Exercise therapy vs a control strategy (no treatment, placebo or waiting list controls)

Functional ability · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (symptoms > 3 weeks (1 study); symptoms > 1 month (3 studies); symptoms > 2 months (2 studies);…

It is very uncertain whether exercise therapy changes functional ability (short‐term) Scale (0 to 100; higher scores mean… compared with a control strategy (no treatment, placebo or waiting list controls) (very low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Exercise therapy vs a control strategy (no treatment, placebo or waiting list controls)

Recovered · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (symptoms > 3 weeks (1 study); symptoms > 1 month (3 studies); symptoms > 2 months (2 studies);…

It is very uncertain whether exercise therapy changes recovery (long‐term) Number of patients who had recovered or number… compared with a control strategy (no treatment, placebo or waiting list controls) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Supervised exercise therapy vs home exercises

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (symptoms > 2 months (1 study); not stated (1 study))

It is very uncertain whether supervised exercises changes usual pain (long‐term) VAS (0 to 10; higher scores mean worse pain) compared with home exercises (very low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Supervised exercise therapy vs home exercises

Functional ability · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (symptoms > 2 months (1 study); not stated (1 study))

It is very uncertain whether supervised exercises changes functional ability (short‐term) AKPS (0 to 100; higher scores mean… compared with home exercises (very low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Active exercise regimen vs an immobilisation regimen following surgery

Range of movement · participants undergoing rehabilitation following surgery for flexor tendon injuries of the handa

It is very uncertain whether active exercise regimen changes range of movement compared with an immobilisation regimen following surgery (very low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Active exercise regimen vs an immobilisation regimen following surgery

Adverse events requiring (or indicated for) surgery · participants undergoing rehabilitation following surgery for flexor tendon injuries of the handa

It is very uncertain whether active exercise regimen changes adverse events requiring (or indicated for) surgery compared with an immobilisation regimen following surgery (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Active exercise regimen vs an immobilisation regimen following surgery

Functional assessment using a patient reported outcome measure: · participants undergoing rehabilitation following surgery for flexor tendon injuries of the handa

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

2 findings from 1 review

Target of exercise: hip vs knee exercises

Pain during activity (short‐term) · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (symptoms > 1 month (1 study); symptoms > 6 months (1 study))

It is very uncertain whether target of exercise: hip changes pain during activity (short‐term) VAS (0 to 10; higher scores mean… compared with knee exercises (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Target of exercise: hip vs knee exercises

Pain during activity (long‐term) VAS (0 to 10; higher scores mean worse pain) · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (symptoms > 1 month (1 study); symptoms > 6 months (1 study))

It is very uncertain whether target of exercise: hip changes pain during activity (long‐term) VAS (0 to 10; higher scores mean… compared with knee exercises (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Target of exercise: hip vs knee exercises

Functional ability · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (symptoms > 1 month (1 study); symptoms > 6 months (1 study))

It is very uncertain whether target of exercise: hip changes functional ability (short‐term) Scale (0 to 100; higher scores mean… compared with knee exercises (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review