What do systematic reviews say?

Electrical stimulation vs pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT)

• Electrical stimulation with non‐implanted electrodes for overactive bladder in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 49 participants
  Very low

Electrical stimulation vs pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) plus biofeedback

• Electrical stimulation with non‐implanted electrodes for overactive bladder in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 51 participants
  Low

Electrical stimulation vs magnetic stimulation alone

• Electrical stimulation with non‐implanted electrodes for overactive bladder in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Electrical stimulation vs laseropuncture/electro‐acupuncture

• Electrical stimulation with non‐implanted electrodes for overactive bladder in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 22 participants
  Low

Electrical stimulation vs drug therapy

• Electrical stimulation with non‐implanted electrodes for overactive bladder in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 336 participants
  Low

Electrical stimulation vs Placebo / sham solution

• Electrical stimulation with non‐implanted electrodes for overactive bladder in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  7 studies · 627 participants
  Low

TENS vs sham

• Non‐pharmacological interventions for chronic pain in multiple sclerosis 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 90 participants
  Very low

Electrical stimulation vs pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT)

• Electrical stimulation with non‐implanted devices for stress urinary incontinence in women 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 93 participants
  Low

Electrical stimulation vs vaginal cones alone

• Electrical stimulation with non‐implanted devices for stress urinary incontinence in women 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 96 participants
  Low

Electrical stimulation vs PFMT plus vaginal cones

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Electrical stimulation with non‐implanted devices for stress urinary incontinence in women 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Electrical stimulation vs drug therapy

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Electrical stimulation with non‐implanted devices for stress urinary incontinence in women 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Electrical stimulation vs sham

• Electrical stimulation with non‐implanted devices for stress urinary incontinence in women 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 117 participants
  Low

Electrical stimulation (plus standard care) vs sham‐ECT plus standard care

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Electrical stimulation for treating pressure ulcers 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Electrical stimulation vs No active treatment (control)

• Electrical stimulation with non‐implanted electrodes for overactive bladder in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 148 participants
  Low

Electrical stimulation vs No active treatment (control)

• Electrical stimulation with non‐implanted devices for stress urinary incontinence in women 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  4 studies · 250 participants
  Moderate

Electrical stimulation plus drug therapy vs drug therapy alone

• Electrical stimulation with non‐implanted electrodes for overactive bladder in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 248 participants
  Low

Electrical stimulation (ES) once a week vs ES three times a week

• Electrical stimulation with non‐implanted electrodes for overactive bladder in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 35 participants
  Very low

Sensory threshold electrical stimulation (ES) vs motor threshold ES

• Electrical stimulation with non‐implanted electrodes for overactive bladder in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 28 participants
  Very low

Electrical stimulation plus surgery vs surgery

• Electrical stimulation with non‐implanted devices for stress urinary incontinence in women 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 120 participants
  Low

Electrical stimulation plus behavioural therapy vs behavioural therapy alone

• Electrical stimulation with non‐implanted electrodes for overactive bladder in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 82 participants
  Very low