Question · asked by 1 review
Electronic cigarette use vs Non-smokers (non-users): Plaque index (PI) / oral hygiene
- Population
- Adult e-cigarette (ENDS) users (general oral health; predominantly natural dentition)
- Intervention
- Electronic cigarette use
- Comparison
- Non-smokers (non-users)
- Outcome
- Plaque index (PI) / oral hygiene
E-cigarette users tend to have a higher plaque index (more biofilm accumulation) than non-smokers (narrative synthesis of systematic reviews; ungraded).
What each review found
Current versions only| Finding | Effect | Studies | GRADE certainty |
|---|---|---|---|
E-cigarette use (electronic nicotine delivery systems / vaping) vs Non-smokers (non-users) Plaque index / oral biofilm accumulation · Adult e-cigarette (ENDS) users (general oral health; predominantly natural dentition) · Oral health / dental care (community and clinical samples) E-cigarette users tend to have a higher plaque index (more biofilm accumulation) than non-smokers (narrative synthesis of systematic reviews; ungraded). An Umbrella Review of E-Cigarettes' Impact on Oral Microbiota and Biofilm Buildup. (2025) All outcomes | Narrative synthesis: e-cigarette users exhibited a higher plaque index than non-smokers across included reviews (Shabil, Vamos, Youssef, Thiem, Figueredo, Yang [24,25,27,29,30,31]); the umbrella review reported no… | 6 studies | GRADE not reported |
Findings are shown side by side, never pooled across reviews.
The reviews
| Review | Searched up to | Included studies | AMSTAR 2 |
|---|---|---|---|
| An Umbrella Review of E-Cigarettes' Impact on Oral Microbiota and Biofilm Buildup. 2025 All outcomes | 12 March 2025 | 10 | Not applicable |
How reviews are matched to this question
Reviews word the same question differently. Four decision models (TypeSafe's Jev, Liquid AI's d1-ultra, SubQ Snap and Baseten's Elephant) judged each wording of the population, intervention, comparator and outcome against the others; two wordings count as the same when at least three of them agree and none clearly disagrees, and findings count as this question only when all four elements match. Timing, setting and subgroup never split a question: they are shown on each finding.