Higher drinking-water fluoride exposure vs Lower water fluoride concentration (concurrent control): Adverse effects: dental fluorosis
Higher water fluoride concentration (fluoridated water; natural or… may leads to higher dental fluorosis of any level (all severities) compared with lower water fluoride concentration (concurrent control) (low certainty).
What each review found
Include earlier review versions| Finding | Effect | Studies | GRADE certainty |
|---|---|---|---|
Higher water fluoride concentration (fluoridated water; natural or artificial) vs Lower water fluoride concentration (concurrent control) Dental fluorosis of any level (all severities) · Populations of all ages (mostly children) exposed to drinking water with differing fluoride concentrations · Cross-sectional Higher water fluoride concentration (fluoridated water; natural or… may leads to higher dental fluorosis of any level (all severities) compared with lower water fluoride concentration (concurrent control) (low certainty). Water fluoridation for the prevention of dental caries (2015) · Cochrane All outcomes | OR 3.60 [2.86, 4.53] | 90 studies · 180530 participants | Low |
Findings are shown side by side, never pooled across reviews.
The reviews
| Review | Searched up to | Included studies | AMSTAR 2 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Water fluoridation for the prevention of dental caries 2015 · Cochrane All outcomes | 2015-02 | list not extracted yet | Not assessed |
Studies behind the findings
None of these reviews ties its included studies to this outcome in the data here. Cochrane reviews and reviews with headline outcomes only do not list their studies yet.
How reviews are matched to this question
Reviews word the same question differently. Four decision models (TypeSafe's Jev, Liquid AI's d1-ultra, SubQ Snap and Baseten's Elephant) judged each wording of the population, intervention, comparator and outcome against the others; two wordings count as the same when at least three of them agree and none clearly disagrees, and findings count as this question only when all four elements match. Timing, setting and subgroup never split a question: they are shown on each finding.