Brushed less than twice per day vs Brushed twice or more per day: Fluorosis (percentage prevalence in permanent teeth)
- Population
- Children exposed to topical fluoride when under 6 years old; fluorosis assessed in permanent teeth at 6 to 18 years
- Intervention
- Brushed less than twice per day
- Comparison
- Brushed twice or more per day
- Outcome
- Fluorosis (percentage prevalence in permanent teeth)
It is very uncertain whether brushed less than twice per day changes fluorosis (percentage prevalence in permanent teeth) compared with brushed twice or more per day (very low certainty).
What each review found
Current versions only| Finding | Effect | Studies | GRADE certainty |
|---|---|---|---|
Brushed less than twice per day vs Brushed twice or more per day Fluorosis (percentage prevalence in permanent teeth) · Children exposed to topical fluoride when under 6 years old; fluorosis assessed in permanent teeth at 6 to 18 years · Fluorosis assessed when most permanent teeth of interest had erupted (6 to 18 years) It is very uncertain whether brushed less than twice per day changes fluorosis (percentage prevalence in permanent teeth) compared with brushed twice or more per day (very low certainty). Topical fluoride as a cause of dental fluorosis in children (2024) · Cochrane All outcomes | OR 0.88 [0.71, 1.08] | 3 studies · 2037 participants | Very low |
Brushed less than twice per day vs Brushed twice or more per day Fluorosis (percentage prevalence in permanent teeth) · Children exposed to topical fluoride when under 6 years old; fluorosis assessed in permanent teeth at 6 to 18 years · Fluorosis assessed when most permanent teeth of interest had erupted (6 to 18 years) It is very uncertain whether brushed less than twice per day changes fluorosis (percentage prevalence in permanent teeth) compared with brushed twice or more per day (very low certainty). Topical fluoride as a cause of dental fluorosis in children (2024) · Cochrane All outcomes | OR 1.63 [0.81, 3.28] | 2 studies · 258 participants | Very low |
Findings are shown side by side, never pooled across reviews.
The reviews
| Review | Searched up to | Included studies | AMSTAR 2 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Topical fluoride as a cause of dental fluorosis in children 2024 · Cochrane All outcomes | 2022-07 | Not listed | Not assessed |
Related questions
The same intervention and outcome, asked in another population or against another comparator.
- Brushed less than twice per day vs Brushed twice or more per day · Children who used topical fluoride under 6 years old; fluorosis assessed in permanent… · 0 reviews
How reviews are matched to this question
Reviews word the same question differently. Four decision models (TypeSafe's Jev, Liquid AI's d1-ultra, SubQ Snap and Baseten's Elephant) judged each wording of the population, intervention, comparator and outcome against the others; two wordings count as the same when at least three of them agree and none clearly disagrees, and findings count as this question only when all four elements match. Timing, setting and subgroup never split a question: they are shown on each finding.