Phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitors vs placebo: Number experiencing adverse effects
Phosphodiesterase‐4 inhibitors may leads to higher number of participants experiencing an adverse event compared with placebo (low certainty).
What each review found
Current versions only| Finding | Effect | Studies | GRADE certainty |
|---|---|---|---|
Phosphodiesterase‐4 inhibitors vs placebo Number of participants experiencing an adverse event · people with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Phosphodiesterase‐4 inhibitors may leads to higher number of participants experiencing an adverse event compared with placebo (low certainty). Phosphodiesterase‐4 inhibitors for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2020) · Cochrane Headline outcomes only | OR 1.3 [1.22, 1.38] | 30 studies · 21310 participants | Low |
Phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitors vs placebo Adverse events No. of participants experiencing any adverse event · people with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitors probably leads to higher adverse events No. of participants experiencing any adverse event compared with placebo (moderate certainty). Phosphodiesterase‐4 inhibitors for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2017) · Cochrane Headline outcomes onlyearlier version CD002309.PUB5, superseded | OR 1.29 [1.22, 1.37] | 27 studies · 20988 participants | Moderate |
Phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitors vs placebo Adverse events No. of participants experiencing any adverse event · patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitors probably leads to higher adverse events No. of participants experiencing any adverse event compared with placebo (moderate certainty). Phosphodiesterase‐4 inhibitors for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2013) · Cochrane Headline outcomes onlyearlier version CD002309.PUB4, superseded | OR 1.27 [1.19, 1.36] | 23 studies · 16048 participants | Moderate |
Findings are shown side by side, never pooled across reviews.
The reviews
| Review | Searched up to | Included studies | AMSTAR 2 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Phosphodiesterase‐4 inhibitors for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only | Not reported | list not extracted yet | Not assessed |
Studies behind the findings
None of these reviews ties its included studies to this outcome in the data here. Cochrane reviews and reviews with headline outcomes only do not list their studies yet.
How reviews are matched to this question
Reviews word the same question differently. Four decision models (TypeSafe's Jev, Liquid AI's d1-ultra, SubQ Snap and Baseten's Elephant) judged each wording of the population, intervention, comparator and outcome against the others; two wordings count as the same when at least three of them agree and none clearly disagrees, and findings count as this question only when all four elements match. Timing, setting and subgroup never split a question: they are shown on each finding.