Orthodontic adhesives containing bioactive glass (BAG) particles/nanoparticles (including fluoride- or Ga-doped BAG) vs Conventional/control orthodontic adhesive (e.g., Transbond XT) or negative control: Ion release (fluoride, calcium, phosphate)
- Population
- Human enamel specimens around orthodontic brackets (in vitro)
- Intervention
- Orthodontic adhesives containing bioactive glass (BAG) particles/nanoparticles (including fluoride- or Ga-doped BAG)
- Comparison
- Conventional/control orthodontic adhesive (e.g., Transbond XT) or negative control
- Outcome
- Ion release (fluoride, calcium, phosphate)
In vitro, among the 5 BAG ion-release studies only Ga-doped BAG (GaMBN, Song [31]) reported a significant increase (phosphate, up to 14 days); a general significant fluoride/calcium/phosphate increase across all 5 is not supported (ungraded).
What each review found
Current versions only| Finding | Effect | Studies | GRADE certainty |
|---|---|---|---|
Orthodontic adhesives containing bioactive glass (BAG) particles/nanoparticles (including fluoride- or Ga-doped BAG) vs Conventional/control orthodontic adhesive (e.g., Transbond XT) or negative control Ion release (fluoride, calcium, phosphate) · Human enamel specimens around orthodontic brackets (in vitro) · 14 days [31] and 20 days [27,28] (per Discussion); ion-release durations for [23,24] not reported, In vitro (laboratory), Overall In vitro, among the 5 BAG ion-release studies only Ga-doped BAG (GaMBN, Song [31]) reported a significant increase (phosphate, up to 14 days); a general significant fluoride/calcium/phosphate increase across all 5 is not supported (ungraded). Remineralization and anti-demineralization effect of orthodontic adhesives on enamel surrounding orthodontic… (2024) All outcomes | Ion release from BAG-containing adhesives was assessed in 5 studies [23, 24, 27, 28, 31]; a significant increase of phosphate ion release with gallium-doped bioactive glass nanoparticles up to 14 days was reported… | 5 studies | GRADE not reported |
Findings are shown side by side, never pooled across reviews.
The reviews
| Review | Searched up to | Included studies | AMSTAR 2 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Remineralization and anti-demineralization effect of orthodontic adhesives on enamel surrounding orthodontic brackets: a systematic review… 2024 All outcomes | 2005 to 2024 (search coverage; exact search date not reported) | 25 | Low / Low |
How reviews are matched to this question
Reviews word the same question differently. Four decision models (TypeSafe's Jev, Liquid AI's d1-ultra, SubQ Snap and Baseten's Elephant) judged each wording of the population, intervention, comparator and outcome against the others; two wordings count as the same when at least three of them agree and none clearly disagrees, and findings count as this question only when all four elements match. Timing, setting and subgroup never split a question: they are shown on each finding.