Non‐invasive brain stimulation vs usual care with or without sham interventions: Adverse effects (central nervous system)
Non‐invasive brain stimulation showed no clear difference in adverse events: all ‐ central nervous system events (e.g. confusion,… compared with sham non‐invasive brain stimulation and/or usual care (low certainty).
What each review found
Current versions only| Finding | Effect | Studies | GRADE certainty |
|---|---|---|---|
Non‐invasive brain stimulation vs sham non‐invasive brain stimulation and/or usual care Adverse events: all ‐ central nervous system events (e.g. confusion, headache, tremor) (secondary outcome) · people with depression after stroke Non‐invasive brain stimulation showed no clear difference in adverse events: all ‐ central nervous system events (e.g. confusion,… compared with sham non‐invasive brain stimulation and/or usual care (low certainty). Pharmacological, non‐invasive brain stimulation and psychological interventions, and their combination, for… (2023) · Cochrane Headline outcomes only | RR 0.61 [0.23, 1.64] | 4 studies · 183 participants | Low |
Non‐invasive brain stimulation vs sham non‐invasive brain stimulation and/or usual care Adverse events: all ‐ central nervous system events (e.g. confusion, sedation, tremor) (Analysis 2.9) · people with depression after stroke The review found no eligible studies for this question. Pharmacological, non‐invasive brain stimulation and psychological interventions, and their combination, for… (2020) · Cochrane Headline outcomes onlyearlier version CD003437.PUB4, superseded | no estimate extracted | Not reported | No studies found |
Findings are shown side by side, never pooled across reviews.
The reviews
| Review | Searched up to | Included studies | AMSTAR 2 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pharmacological, non‐invasive brain stimulation and psychological interventions, and their combination, for treating depression after stroke 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only | Not reported | list not extracted yet | Not assessed |
Studies behind the findings
None of these reviews ties its included studies to this outcome in the data here. Cochrane reviews and reviews with headline outcomes only do not list their studies yet.
How reviews are matched to this question
Reviews word the same question differently. Four decision models (TypeSafe's Jev, Liquid AI's d1-ultra, SubQ Snap and Baseten's Elephant) judged each wording of the population, intervention, comparator and outcome against the others; two wordings count as the same when at least three of them agree and none clearly disagrees, and findings count as this question only when all four elements match. Timing, setting and subgroup never split a question: they are shown on each finding.