Studies
Primary studies
26,293 studies included by 1,022 non-Cochrane dental reviews extracted from full text, one record per study, so a study included by several reviews is counted once. Most are randomized trials; etiology and diagnostic reviews also include observational and accuracy studies. Cochrane reviews and reviews with only their headline outcomes do not list their included studies here yet.
ReviewStudies included by Accuracy of Large Language Models in Answering Dental Examination Questions: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.. Show all studies
| Study | Year | Reviews | Review outcomes linked | Trial data |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Evidence-based potential of generative artificial intelligence large language models in orthodontics: a comparative study of ChatGPT, Google Bard,… Makrygiannakis 2024 · Makrygiannakis Miltiadis A, Giannakopoulos Kostis, et al. · European journal of orthodontics PMID:38613510 | 2025 | 1 | 1 | not extracted yet |
| Performance of three artificial intelligence (AI)-based large language models in standardized testing; implications for AI-assisted dental education. Sabri 2025 · Sabri Hamoun, Saleh Muhammad H A, et al. · Journal of periodontal research PMID:39030766 | 2025 | 1 | 1 | not extracted yet |
| Comparative Analysis of the Response Accuracies of Large Language Models in the Korean National Dental Hygienist Examination Across Korean and… Song 2024 · Song Eun Sun, Lee Seung-Pyo · International journal of dental hygiene PMID:39415339 | 2025 | 1 | 1 | not extracted yet |
| Evaluation of validity and reliability of AI Chatbots as public sources of information on dental trauma. Johnson 2024 · Johnson Ashish J, Singh Tarun Kumar, et al. · Dental traumatology : official publication of International Association for Dental Traumatology PMID:39417352 | 2025 | 1 | 1 | not extracted yet |
| The Seismic Behavior of Rectangular Concrete-Encased Steel Bridge Piers: A Review Diaz-Flores Garcia 2024 · Moradian Mohammadreza, Hassan Munzer · Applied Sciences DOI:10.3390/app14156627 | 2024 | 1 | 1 | not extracted yet |
| Evaluating the Accuracy of Artificial Intelligence-Based Chatbots on Pediatric Dentistry Questions in the Korean National Dental Board Exam Yunsun 2024 · Jung Yun Sun, Chae Yong Kwon, et al. · THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN ACADEMY OF PEDTATRIC DENTISTRY DOI:10.5933/jkapd.2024.51.3.299 | 2024 | 1 | 1 | not extracted yet |
| ChatGPT-A double-edged sword for healthcare education? Implications for assessments of dental students. Ali 2024 · Ali Kamran, Barhom Noha, et al. · European journal of dental education : official journal of the Association for Dental Education in Europe PMID:37550893 | 2024 | 1 | 1 | not extracted yet |
| Accuracy of ChatGPT-Generated Information on Head and Neck and Oromaxillofacial Surgery: A Multicenter Collaborative Analysis. Vaira 2023 · Vaira Luigi Angelo, Lechien Jerome R, et al. · Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery PMID:37595113 | 2024 | 1 | 1 | not extracted yet |
| Unveiling the ChatGPT phenomenon: Evaluating the consistency and accuracy of endodontic question answers. Suarez 2024 · Suárez Ana, Díaz-Flores García Víctor, et al. · International endodontic journal PMID:37814369 | 2024 | 1 | 1 | not extracted yet |
| Can natural language processing serve as a consultant in oral surgery? Acar 2024 · Acar Ahmet Hüseyin · Journal of stomatology, oral and maxillofacial surgery PMID:38052322 | 2024 | 1 | 1 | not extracted yet |
| Validity and reliability of artificial intelligence chatbots as public sources of information on endodontics. Mohammad-Rahimi 2023 · Mohammad-Rahimi Hossein, Ourang Seyed AmirHossein, et al. · International endodontic journal PMID:38117284 | 2024 | 1 | 1 | not extracted yet |
| Beyond the Scalpel: Assessing ChatGPT's potential as an auxiliary intelligent virtual assistant in oral surgery. Suarez 2024 · Suárez Ana, Jiménez Jaime, et al. · Computational and structural biotechnology journal PMID:38162955 | 2024 | 1 | 1 | not extracted yet |
| Artificial intelligence in dental education: ChatGPT's performance on the periodontic in-service examination. Danesh 2024 · Danesh Arman, Pazouki Hirad, et al. · Journal of periodontology PMID:38197146 | 2024 | 1 | 1 | not extracted yet |
| Performance of Generative Artificial Intelligence in Dental Licensing Examinations. Chau 2024 · Chau Reinhard Chun Wang, Thu Khaing Myat, et al. · International dental journal PMID:38242810 | 2024 | 1 | 1 | not extracted yet |
| ChatGPT performance in prosthodontics: Assessment of accuracy and repeatability in answer generation. Freire 2024 · Freire Yolanda, Santamaría Laorden Andrea, et al. · The Journal of prosthetic dentistry PMID:38310063 | 2024 | 1 | 1 | not extracted yet |
| Accuracy and Completeness of ChatGPT-Generated Information on Interceptive Orthodontics: A Multicenter Collaborative Study. Hatia 2024 · Hatia Arjeta, Doldo Tiziana, et al. · Journal of clinical medicine PMID:38337430 | 2024 | 1 | 1 | not extracted yet |
| Assessing the performance of Bing Chat artificial intelligence: Dental exams, clinical guidelines, and patients' frequent questions. Brozovic 2024 · Brozović Juraj, Mikulić Barbara, et al. · Journal of dentistry PMID:38458379 | 2024 | 1 | 1 | not extracted yet |
| The performance of artificial intelligence models in generating responses to general orthodontic questions: ChatGPT vs Google Bard. Daraqel 2024 · Daraqel Baraa, Wafaie Khaled, et al. · American journal of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics : official publication of the American Association of Orthodontists, its constituent societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics PMID:38493370 | 2024 | 1 | 1 | not extracted yet |
| Performance of AI chatbots on controversial topics in oral medicine, pathology, and radiology. Mohammad-Rahimi 2024 · Mohammad-Rahimi Hossein, Khoury Zaid H, et al. · Oral surgery, oral medicine, oral pathology and oral radiology PMID:38553304 | 2024 | 1 | 1 | not extracted yet |
| Evaluation of AI-generated responses by different artificial intelligence chatbots to the clinical decision-making case-based questions in oral and… Azadi 2024 · Azadi Ali, Gorjinejad Fatemeh, et al. · Oral surgery, oral medicine, oral pathology and oral radiology PMID:38570273 | 2024 | 1 | 1 | not extracted yet |
| Exploring the use of ChatGPT/GPT-4 for patient follow-up after oral surgeries. Cai 2024 · Cai Y, Zhao R, et al. · International journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery PMID:38664106 | 2024 | 1 | 1 | not extracted yet |
| Assessment of artificial intelligence applications in responding to dental trauma. Ozden 2024 · Ozden Idil, Gokyar Merve, et al. · Dental traumatology : official publication of International Association for Dental Traumatology PMID:38742754 | 2024 | 1 | 1 | not extracted yet |
| How well do large language model-based chatbots perform in oral and maxillofacial radiology? Jeong 2024 · Jeong Hui, Han Sang-Sun, et al. · Dento maxillo facial radiology PMID:38848473 | 2024 | 1 | 1 | not extracted yet |
| Leveraging Large Language Models in the delivery of post-operative dental care: a comparison between an embedded GPT model and ChatGPT. Batool 2024 · Batool Itrat, Naved Nighat, et al. · BDJ open PMID:38866751 | 2024 | 1 | 1 | not extracted yet |
| Performance of large language models in oral and maxillofacial surgery examinations. Quah 2024 · Quah B, Yong C W, et al. · International journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery PMID:38926015 | 2024 | 1 | 1 | not extracted yet |
| Is ChatGPT an Accurate and Readable Patient Aid for Third Molar Extractions? Jacobs 2024 · Jacobs Tyler, Shaari Ariana, et al. · Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery : official journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons PMID:39019079 | 2024 | 1 | 1 | not extracted yet |
| Can artificial intelligence models serve as patient information consultants in orthodontics? Dursun 2024 · Dursun Derya, Bilici Geçer Rumeysa · BMC medical informatics and decision making PMID:39075513 | 2024 | 1 | 1 | not extracted yet |
| Evaluating the efficacy of leading large language models in the Japanese national dental hygienist examination: A comparative analysis of ChatGPT,… Yamaguchi 2024 · Yamaguchi Shino, Morishita Masaki, et al. · Journal of dental sciences PMID:39347065 | 2024 | 1 | 1 | not extracted yet |
| Performance of ChatGPT 3.5 and 4 on U.S. dental examinations: the INBDE, ADAT, and DAT. Dashti 2024 · Dashti Mahmood, Ghasemi Shohreh, et al. · Imaging science in dentistry PMID:39371301 | 2024 | 1 | 1 | not extracted yet |
| GPT-4o vs. Human Candidates: Performance Analysis in the Polish Final Dentistry Examination. Jaworski 2024 · Jaworski Aleksander, Jasiński Dawid, et al. · Cureus PMID:39371744 | 2024 | 1 | 1 | not extracted yet |
| Performance of large language artificial intelligence models on solving restorative dentistry and endodontics student assessments. Kunzle 2024 · Künzle Paul, Paris Sebastian · Clinical oral investigations PMID:39373739 | 2024 | 1 | 1 | not extracted yet |
| A Comparative Analysis of Responses of Artificial Intelligence Chatbots in Special Needs Dentistry. Rokhshad 2024 · Rokhshad Rata, Fadul Mouada, et al. · Pediatric dentistry PMID:39420494 | 2024 | 1 | 1 | not extracted yet |
| Assessing the quality of AI information from ChatGPT regarding oral surgery, preventive dentistry, and oral cancer: An exploration study. Alsayed 2024 · Alsayed Arwa A, Aldajani Mariam B, et al. · The Saudi dental journal PMID:39619711 | 2024 | 1 | 1 | not extracted yet |
| Can ChatGPT pass the "Iranian Endodontics Specialist Board" exam? Farajollahi 2023 · Farajollahi Mehran, Modaberi Ali · Iranian endodontic journal PMID:37431530 | 2023 | 1 | 1 | not extracted yet |
| The performance of artificial intelligence language models in board-style dental knowledge assessment: A preliminary study on ChatGPT. Danesh 2023 · Danesh Arman, Pazouki Hirad, et al. · Journal of the American Dental Association (1939) PMID:37676187 | 2023 | 1 | 1 | not extracted yet |
| Evaluation of the Performance of Generative AI Large Language Models ChatGPT, Google Bard, and Microsoft Bing Chat in Supporting Evidence-Based… Giannakopoulos 2023 · Giannakopoulos Kostis, Kavadella Argyro, et al. · Journal of medical Internet research PMID:38009003 | 2023 | 1 | 1 | not extracted yet |
| The Performance of GPT-3.5, GPT-4, and Bard on the Japanese National Dentist Examination: A Comparison Study. Ohta 2023 · Ohta Keiichi, Ohta Satomi · Cureus PMID:38213361 | 2023 | 1 | 1 | not extracted yet |
| ChatGPT's performance in dentistry and allergyimmunology assessments: a comparative study. Fuchs 2023 · Fuchs Alexander, Trachsel Tina, et al. · Swiss dental journal PMID:38726506 | 2023 | 1 | 1 | not extracted yet |
| Turunc Oguzman 2024 DOI:10.1016/j.crds.2023.11.002 | NR | 1 | 1 | not extracted yet |