Primary study · included by 1 review

Role of the masseter, anterior temporalis, and sternocleidomastoid muscles in myofascial temporomandibular disorder pain: evaluation of thickness and stiffness by ultrasonography.

Akkoca 2025 · Akkoca Fatma, Ozyurek Seher, Ilhan Gunnur, et al. · Oral radiology · 2025

Included by

Morphological and mechanical properties of masticatory muscles in patients with temporomandibular disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Non-Cochrane · aetiology · 2026 · cited as Akkoca 2025 · Fig. 2a; Table 2

Outcome this study informs	Pooled effect	Evidence	Certainty
Masseter muscle thickness TMDs (exposure group) vs Healthy controls	MD -0.01 [-0.98, 0.96]	6 studies	GRADE not reported
Masseter muscle thickness TMDs (exposure group) vs Healthy controls	MD -0.37 [-1.55, 0.82]	7 studies	GRADE not reported
Masseter muscle thickness TMDs (exposure group) vs Healthy controls	MD -0.12 [-1.13, 0.88]	8 studies · 476 participants	GRADE not reported
Masseter muscle stiffness TMDs (exposure group) vs Healthy controls	SMD 0.78 [0.34, 1.22]	6 studies · 323 participants	GRADE not reported
Anterior temporalis muscle thickness TMDs (exposure group) vs Healthy controls	MD -0.32 [-0.85, 0.21]	3 studies · 211 participants	GRADE not reported

1 including review in total.