evidencegaps
Primary study · included by 1 review

Distinct maturity and spatial distribution of tertiary lymphoid structures in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: implications for tumor immunity and clinical outcomes.

Xu 2025 · Xu Shuai, Han Chao, Zhou Jian, et al. · Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2025

Included by

The Prognostic Significance of Tertiary Lymphoid Structures in Head and Neck Cancers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Non-Cochrane · prognostic · 2026 · cited as Xu 2025 · Reference 35; Table 1; Fig. 2
Outcome this study informsPooled effectEvidenceCertainty
Overall survival
Absence of tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS-negative tumors) vs Presence of tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS-positive tumors, reference category) · Follow-up 24 to 120 months
HR 2.20 [1.74, 2.78]7 studies · 1465 participantsGRADE not reported

1 including review in total.