evidencegaps
Primary study · included by 1 review

Effectiveness of Salvadora persica toothbrush and Salvadora persica chewing stick in plaque and gingivitis control: a randomized control trial.

Azizan 2023 · Azizan Nurul Fatin, Mohd Nurulhuda, Nik Azis Nik Madihah, et al. · BMC complementary medicine and therapies · 2023

Included by

Biodegradable vs. conventional toothbrushes for biofilm control: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials.
Non-Cochrane · intervention · 2026 · cited as Azizan 2023 · Table 1; reference 16
Outcome this study informsPooled effectEvidenceCertainty
Plaque index (PI)
Biodegradable or natural oral hygiene tools (bamboo toothbrush, miswak) vs Conventional plastic manual toothbrush · Immediately after brushing to 12 weeks
MD -0.09 [-0.36, 0.18]5 studies · 292 participantsGRADE not reported
Plaque index (PI)
Biodegradable or natural oral hygiene tools (bamboo toothbrush, miswak) vs Conventional plastic manual toothbrush · Follow-up 4 weeks to 12 weeks (SoF); immediate to 12 weeks across trials
MD -0.09 [-0.47, 0.29]5 studies · 292 participantsVery low

1 including review in total.