Primary study · included by 2 reviews

Changes of maxillary central incisor and alveolar bone in Class II Division 2 nonextraction treatment with a fixed appliance or clear aligner: A pilot cone-beam computed tomography study.

Chen 2023 · Chen Hongyu, Liu Luwei, Han Minxuan, et al. · American journal of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics : official publication of the American Association of Orthodontists, its constituent societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics · 2023

Included by

External Apical Root Resorption Following Orthodontic Treatment with Clear Aligners Versus Fixed Appliances: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Non-Cochrane · intervention · 2025 · cited as Chen 2023 · Supplementary Table S4; reference list

The review does not say which of its outcomes this study informs.

CBCT-Based Assessment of External Apical Root Resorption in Clear Aligner Versus Fixed Orthodontic Therapy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Non-Cochrane · intervention · 2026 · cited as Chen 2023 · Table 1; Figure 2; References

Outcome this study informs	Pooled effect	Evidence	Certainty
External apical root resorption: CBCT-based linear root length change (mm) Clear aligner therapy vs Fixed orthodontic appliances	MD -0.60 [-0.88, -0.32]	5 studies · 333 participants	GRADE not reported
External apical root resorption: CBCT-based linear root length change (mm) Clear aligner therapy vs Fixed orthodontic appliances	MD -0.53 [-0.81, -0.25]	5 studies · 359 participants	GRADE not reported
External apical root resorption: CBCT-based linear root length change (mm) Clear aligner therapy vs Fixed orthodontic appliances	MD -0.52 [-0.81, -0.23]	5 studies · 352 participants	GRADE not reported
External apical root resorption: CBCT-based linear root length change (mm) Clear aligner therapy vs Fixed orthodontic appliances	MD -0.60 [-0.88, -0.32]	5 studies · 333 participants	GRADE not reported
External apical root resorption: CBCT-based linear root length change (mm) Clear aligner therapy vs Fixed orthodontic appliances	MD -0.41 [-0.69, -0.13]	5 studies · 312 participants	GRADE not reported
External apical root resorption: CBCT-based linear root length change (mm) Clear aligner therapy vs Fixed orthodontic appliances	MD -0.41 [-0.69, -0.13]	5 studies · 312 participants	GRADE not reported
External apical root resorption: CBCT-based linear root length change (mm) Clear aligner therapy vs Fixed orthodontic appliances	MD -0.53 [-0.82, -0.24]	5 studies · 282 participants	GRADE not reported
External apical root resorption: CBCT-based linear root length change (mm) Clear aligner therapy vs Fixed orthodontic appliances	MD -0.41 [-0.70, -0.12]	5 studies · 322 participants	GRADE not reported
External apical root resorption: CBCT-based linear root length change (mm) Clear aligner therapy vs Fixed orthodontic appliances	MD -0.50 [-0.79, -0.21]	6 studies · 392 participants	Low
External apical root resorption: CBCT-based linear root length change (mm) Clear aligner therapy vs Fixed orthodontic appliances	MD -0.53 [-0.81, -0.25]	5 studies · 359 participants	GRADE not reported

2 including reviews in total.