evidencegaps
Primary study · included by 1 review

Comparisons of orthodontic residents' performance and attitudes using 2D, 3D, and virtual reality surgical simulation methods.

Sytek 2021 · Sytek Lauren, Inglehart Marita R, Ramaswamy Vidya, et al. · Journal of dental education · 2021

Included by

Haptic technology in orthodontics: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Non-Cochrane · intervention · 2026 · cited as Sytek 2021 · Table 4; Figure 5; References 19-27
Outcome this study informsPooled effectEvidenceCertainty
Skill acquisition, accuracy and planning performance (Hedges g, composite across studies)
Haptic or virtual reality technology vs Conventional methods or no haptic technology
SMD 1.40 [0.82, 1.98]9 studiesGRADE not reported
Skill acquisition, accuracy and planning performance (Hedges g, composite across studies)
Haptic or virtual reality technology vs Conventional methods or no haptic technology
SMD 1.29 [0.48, 2.10]9 studiesGRADE not reported
Skill acquisition, accuracy and planning performance (Hedges g, composite across studies)
Haptic or virtual reality technology vs Conventional methods or no haptic technology
SMD 1.37 [1.32, 1.43]9 studiesGRADE not reported

1 including review in total.