Primary study · included by 1 review

Evaluation of pain intensity in patients treated with aligners and conventional fixed appliances: Randomized clinical trial.

Casteluci 2021 · Casteluci Cleomária Evelyn Vieira Freire, Oltramari Paula Vanessa Pedron, Conti Paulo César Rodrigues, et al. · Orthodontics & craniofacial research · 2021

Included by

Comparative impact of clear aligners versus fixed orthodontic appliances on periodontal health, pain, and quality of life: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Non-Cochrane · intervention · 2026 · cited as Casteluci 2021 · Table 2 row 6; Fig. 4

Outcome this study informs	Pooled effect	Evidence	Certainty
Pain intensity Clear aligners (Invisalign and similar removable aligners) vs Fixed orthodontic appliances (metal, self-ligating, ceramic, lingual brackets) · All follow-up time points (1 week to 6 months)	SMD -0.419 [-0.536, -0.302]	18 studies · 892 participants	Moderate

1 including review in total.