evidencegaps
Primary study · included by 1 review

Psychological impact of orthodontic treatment on quality of life - A longitudinal study.

Grewal 2019 · Grewal Harpreet, Sapawat Pranav, Modi Palash, et al. · International orthodontics · 2019

Included by

Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL), Pain and Side Effects in Adults Undergoing Different Orthodontic Treatment Modalities: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Non-Cochrane · intervention · 2025 · cited as Grewal et al. 2019 · Table 1; Figures 3-8
Outcome this study informsPooled effectEvidenceCertainty
Aesthetic concern (PIDAQ domain) score
Fixed labial appliances vs Pre-treatment (before-after comparison) · Post-treatment versus pre-treatment
SMD -1.71 [-3.46, 0.04]2 studies · 471 participantsGRADE not reported
Dental self-confidence (PIDAQ domain) score
Fixed labial appliances vs Pre-treatment (before-after comparison) · Post-treatment versus pre-treatment
SMD 2.18 [0.87, 3.50]2 studies · 471 participantsGRADE not reported

1 including review in total.