Primary study · included by 1 review

Otological symptoms and audiometric findings in patients with temporomandibular disorders: Costen's syndrome revisited.

Effat 2016 · Effat K G · The Journal of laryngology and otology · 2016

Included by

Temporomandibular joint disorders and tinnitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Non-Cochrane · prognostic · 2026 · cited as Effat 2016 · Fig. 2
Outcome this study informsPooled effectEvidenceCertainty
Prevalence of tinnitus
TMD diagnosis (single-arm) vs None (single-arm prevalence)
Prevalence 0.318 [0.242, 0.405]28 studiesGRADE not reported
Odds of tinnitus
TMD diagnosis vs Controls without TMD
OR 3.924 [2.636, 5.841]12 studiesGRADE not reported
Odds of tinnitus
TMD diagnosis vs Controls without TMD
OR 3.998 [1.375, 11.624]2 studiesGRADE not reported
Odds of tinnitus
TMD diagnosis vs Controls without TMD
OR 3.517 [2.052, 6.029]6 studiesGRADE not reported
Odds of tinnitus
TMD diagnosis vs Controls without TMD
OR 4.699 [2.315, 9.538]4 studiesGRADE not reported

1 including review in total.