evidencegaps
Primary study · included by 1 review

Oral symptoms significantly higher among long-term khat (Catha edulis) users in Ethiopia.

Astatkie 2015 · Astatkie Ayalew, Demissie Meaza, Berhane Yemane, et al. · Epidemiology and health · 2015

Included by

Association between khat chewing and temporomandibular disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.
Non-Cochrane · aetiology · 2026 · cited as Astatkie 2015 · Table 1; Fig. 2-4
Outcome this study informsPooled effectEvidenceCertainty
Temporomandibular disorders (clinical signs and symptoms)
Khat chewing (exposure) vs Non-chewers · Not specified
OR 2.48 [1.20, 5.09]6 studies · 2350 participantsVery low
Temporomandibular disorders (clinical signs and symptoms)
Khat chewing (exposure) vs Non-chewers · Not specified
OR 4.27 [2.85, 6.40]4 studies · 1897 participantsGRADE not reported

1 including review in total.