evidencegaps
Primary study · included by 2 reviews

Analysis of pain level in cases treated with Invisalign aligner: comparison with fixed edgewise appliance therapy.

Fujiyama 2014 · Fujiyama Koji, Honjo Tadashi, Suzuki Makoto, et al. · Progress in orthodontics · 2014

Included by

Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL), Pain and Side Effects in Adults Undergoing Different Orthodontic Treatment Modalities: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Non-Cochrane · intervention · 2025 · cited as Fujiyama et al. 2014 · Table 1; Figures 3-8

The review does not say which of its outcomes this study informs.

Comparative impact of clear aligners versus fixed orthodontic appliances on periodontal health, pain, and quality of life: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Non-Cochrane · intervention · 2026 · cited as Fujiyama 2014 · Table 2 row 12; Fig. 4
Outcome this study informsPooled effectEvidenceCertainty
Pain intensity
Clear aligners (Invisalign and similar removable aligners) vs Fixed orthodontic appliances (metal, self-ligating, ceramic, lingual brackets) · All follow-up time points (1 week to 6 months)
SMD -0.419 [-0.536, -0.302]18 studies · 892 participantsModerate

2 including reviews in total.