evidencegaps
Primary study · included by 1 review

The impact of orthodontic treatment on quality of life and self-esteem in adult patients.

Johal 2015 · Johal Ama, Alyaqoobi Iman, Patel Rachna, et al. · European journal of orthodontics · 2015

Included by

Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL), Pain and Side Effects in Adults Undergoing Different Orthodontic Treatment Modalities: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Non-Cochrane · intervention · 2025 · cited as Johal et al. 2015 · Table 1; Figures 3-8
Outcome this study informsPooled effectEvidenceCertainty
Rosenberg self-esteem score
Fixed labial appliances vs Pre-treatment (before-after comparison) · Post-treatment versus pre-treatment
SMD 0.13 [-0.46, 0.73]2 studies · 113 participantsGRADE not reported

1 including review in total.