Primary study · included by 1 review

Factors affecting clinical outcome following treatment of early childhood caries under general anaesthesia: a two-year follow-up.

El Batawi 2014 · El Batawi H Y · European archives of paediatric dentistry : official journal of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry · 2014

Included by

The effectiveness of using local anesthesia with general anesthesia in pediatric dental rehabilitation: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Non-Cochrane · intervention · 2026 · cited as Batawi 2013 · Table 1; reference list; forest plots

Outcome this study informs	Pooled effect	Evidence	Certainty
Heart rate (bpm) Intraoperative local anesthesia (LA) during dental treatment under general anesthesia vs No LA or placebo (saline) · Intraoperative	SMD -1.75 [-4.63, 1.13]	2 studies · 128 participants	GRADE not reported
End-tidal CO2 (mm Hg) Intraoperative local anesthesia (LA) during dental treatment under general anesthesia vs No LA or placebo (saline) · Intraoperative	SMD 0.02 [-0.32, 0.37]	2 studies · 128 participants	GRADE not reported
Heart rate (bpm) Intraoperative local anesthesia (LA) during dental treatment under general anesthesia vs No LA or placebo (saline) · Intraoperative	SMD 0.42 [-0.10, 0.95]	2 studies · 58 participants	GRADE not reported
Heart rate (bpm) Intraoperative local anesthesia (LA) during dental treatment under general anesthesia vs No LA or placebo (saline) · Intraoperative	SMD -3.60 [-10.88, 3.68]	2 studies · 128 participants	GRADE not reported
End-tidal CO2 (mm Hg) Intraoperative local anesthesia (LA) during dental treatment under general anesthesia vs No LA or placebo (saline) · Intraoperative	SMD -0.26 [-0.78, 0.26]	2 studies · 58 participants	GRADE not reported
Respiratory rate Intraoperative local anesthesia (LA) during dental treatment under general anesthesia vs No LA or placebo (saline) · Intraoperative	SMD -2.22 [-6.26, 1.81]	2 studies · 128 participants	GRADE not reported
Respiratory rate Intraoperative local anesthesia (LA) during dental treatment under general anesthesia vs No LA or placebo (saline) · Intraoperative	SMD 0.04 [-0.48, 0.55]	2 studies · 58 participants	GRADE not reported
Heart rate (bpm) Intraoperative local anesthesia (LA) during dental treatment under general anesthesia vs No LA or placebo (saline) · Intraoperative	SMD -1.67 [-3.46, 0.12]	3 studies · 314 participants	Very low
End-tidal CO2 (mm Hg) Intraoperative local anesthesia (LA) during dental treatment under general anesthesia vs No LA or placebo (saline) · Intraoperative	SMD -3.65 [-10.83, 3.53]	2 studies · 128 participants	GRADE not reported
Respiratory rate Intraoperative local anesthesia (LA) during dental treatment under general anesthesia vs No LA or placebo (saline) · Intraoperative	SMD -2.22 [-5.94, 1.51]	2 studies · 128 participants	GRADE not reported
Respiratory rate Intraoperative local anesthesia (LA) during dental treatment under general anesthesia vs No LA or placebo (saline) · Intraoperative	SMD -0.06 [-0.58, 0.45]	2 studies · 58 participants	GRADE not reported
End-tidal CO2 (mm Hg) Intraoperative local anesthesia (LA) during dental treatment under general anesthesia vs No LA or placebo (saline) · Intraoperative	SMD -1.96 [-4.43, 0.52]	2 studies · 128 participants	GRADE not reported
End-tidal CO2 (mm Hg) Intraoperative local anesthesia (LA) during dental treatment under general anesthesia vs No LA or placebo (saline) · Intraoperative	SMD -1.39 [-2.55, -0.22]	3 studies · 442 participants	Very low
Respiratory rate Intraoperative local anesthesia (LA) during dental treatment under general anesthesia vs No LA or placebo (saline) · Intraoperative	SMD -1.12 [-2.34, 0.09]	3 studies · 372 participants	Very low

1 including review in total.