evidencegaps
Primary study · included by 1 review

Malignant transformation of oral leukoplakia in a well-defined cohort of 144 patients.

Brouns 2014 · Brouns Erea, Baart Ja, Karagozoglu Kh, et al. · Oral diseases · 2014

Included by

Predicting Malignant Transformation in Oral Epithelial Dysplasia: A Systematic Comparison of Artificial Intelligence-Based Risk Models and Pathologist-Based Microscopy.
Non-Cochrane · prognostic · 2026 · cited as Brouns 2014 · Table 1; reference 30
Outcome this study informsPooled effectEvidenceCertainty
Malignant transformation to oral squamous cell carcinoma
Pathologist-based H&E microscopy: high-risk dysplasia category (all grading systems combined) vs Low-risk category or no dysplasia · Minimum follow-up 5 to 72 months
OR 3.42 [2.07, 5.68]22 studies · 7554 participantsGRADE not reported

1 including review in total.