Primary study · included by 2 reviews

Periodontal status of adult patients treated with fixed buccal appliances and removable aligners over one year of active orthodontic therapy.

Karkhanechi et al. 2013 · Karkhanechi Marzieh, Chow Denise, Sipkin Jennifer, et al. · The Angle orthodontist · 2013

PubMed 22725616 doi:10.2319/031212-217.1Comparative Study; Journal Article

Trial PICO

Not extracted yet. Trial-level population, intervention, comparator, outcomes and design will appear here after the trial extraction run. Until then, the reviews below describe the study.

Results

Not extracted yet. Per-trial results (events, means, effect and weight as each review's forest plot reports them) will appear here after the trial extraction run.

Included by

Impact of Aligners and Fixed Appliances on Oral Health during Orthodontic Treatment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Non-Cochrane · intervention · 2021 · cited as Karkhanechi et al. 2013 · Table 1; Table 4 (Adults, PI/BOP/PD/GI 6-12 weeks); Table 5 microbiologic; Reference 28

Outcome this study informs	Pooled effect	Evidence	Certainty
Plaque index (PI) Clear aligners (Invisalign / thermoformed aligners) vs Fixed appliances · 6 to 12 weeks	MD -0.58 [-0.82, -0.34]	4 studies · 202 participants	Very low

White spot lesions, plaque accumulation and salivary caries-associated bacteria in clear aligners compared to fixed orthodontic treatment. A systematic review and meta- analysis.

Non-Cochrane · intervention · 2023 · cited as Karkhanechi 2013 · Table 4; Ref [22] (Angle Orthod 2013, prospective cohort); plaque meta-analysis (P1-O1, Figs 4/5/6)

Outcome this study informs	Pooled effect	Evidence	Certainty
Plaque accumulation (Plaque Index) Clear aligners (CA) vs Conventional fixed orthodontic appliances (CF) · Range 1 to 18 months (maximum time-point per study)	SMD -1.79 [-3.63, 0.04]	3 studies · 111 participants	Moderate
Plaque accumulation (Plaque Index) Clear aligners (CA) vs Conventional fixed orthodontic appliances (CF) · 6 months	SMD -2.04 [-3.37, -0.70]	5 studies · 253 participants	Ungraded
Plaque accumulation (Plaque Index) Clear aligners (CA) vs Conventional fixed orthodontic appliances (CF) · Range 1 to 12 months (maximum time-point per study)	SMD -1.46 [-2.77, -0.15]	5 studies · 246 participants	Moderate
Plaque accumulation (Plaque Index) Clear aligners (CA) vs Conventional fixed orthodontic appliances (CF) · 3 months	SMD -1.08 [-1.93, -0.24]	5 studies · 211 participants	Ungraded
Plaque accumulation (Plaque Index) Clear aligners (CA) vs Conventional fixed orthodontic appliances (CF) · Maximum reported time-point per study (range 1-18 months)	SMD -1.58 [-2.57, -0.58]	8 studies · 357 participants	Ungraded
Plaque accumulation (Plaque Index) Clear aligners (CA) vs Conventional fixed orthodontic appliances (CF) · 12 months	SMD -2.14 [-3.64, -0.64]	3 studies · 113 participants	Ungraded

2 including reviews in total.