evidencegaps
Primary study · included by 2 reviews

Tissue levels of immunoreactive substance P are increased in patients with irreversible pulpitis.

Bowles 2003 · Bowles Walter R, Withrow John C, Lepinski Allen M, et al. · Journal of endodontics · 2003

Included by

Inflammatory Biomarkers in Irreversible Pulpitis and Pulp Necrosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Non-Cochrane · aetiology · 2026 · cited as Bowles 2003 · Table 1

The review does not say which of its outcomes this study informs.

Neural biomarkers in pulpitis and their associations with inflammation and pain perception: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Non-Cochrane · prognostic · 2026 · cited as Bowles 2003 · Table 1; Fig. 3
Outcome this study informsPooled effectEvidenceCertainty
Substance P (SP) expression level in dental pulp
Symptomatic irreversible pulpitis (inflamed pulp) vs Healthy pulp (normal pulp, NP)
SMD 3.108 [0.008, 6.208]4 studies · 127 participantsVery low

2 including reviews in total.