Primary study · included by 1 review

Children's responses to immunizations: lullabies as a distraction.

Megel 1998 · Megel M E, Houser C W, Gleaves L S · Issues in comprehensive pediatric nursing · 1998

Included by

Non-Cochrane · intervention · 2025 · cited as Megel 1998 · Table 1; Fig. 4; Fig. 5; references 25-29

Outcome this study informs	Pooled effect	Evidence	Certainty
Distress (OSBD, OSBD-R) Music intervention (lullabies, children's songs, recorded music) during or within 15 min of vaccination vs Standard or routine care without music · During vaccination procedure	SMD -0.84 [-1.18, -0.50]	2 studies · 138 participants	GRADE not reported
Distress (OSBD, OSBD-R) Music intervention (lullabies, children's songs, recorded music) during or within 15 min of vaccination vs Standard or routine care without music · During vaccination procedure	SMD -0.76 [-1.44, -0.09]	2 studies · 140 participants	GRADE not reported
Distress (OSBD, OSBD-R) Music intervention (lullabies, children's songs, recorded music) during or within 15 min of vaccination vs Standard or routine care without music · During vaccination procedure	SMD -0.83 [-1.12, -0.54]	3 studies · 179 participants	GRADE not reported

1 including review in total.