Primary study · included by 1 review

Ales 2009

ProbableThe reviews cited this study without a PMID, DOI or NCT, so it is matched by first author and year. Two different studies by the same author in the same year could be merged here.

Included by

The Impact of Early Clinical Exposure on Competency Development in Dental Students: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Non-Cochrane · intervention · 2026 · cited as Ales 2009 · Table 2; Fig. 2A; reference list

Outcome this study informs	Pooled effect	Evidence	Certainty
Overall competency (student scores) Early clinical exposure (real, simulated or virtual) vs Traditional lecture-based teaching without clinical contact	SMD 1.37 [0.78, 1.97]	14 studies	GRADE not reported
Overall competency (student scores) Early clinical exposure (real, simulated or virtual) vs Traditional lecture-based teaching without clinical contact	SMD 1.06 [0.53, 1.58]	13 studies	GRADE not reported
Overall competency (student scores) Early clinical exposure (real, simulated or virtual) vs Traditional lecture-based teaching without clinical contact	SMD 1.25 [0.83, 1.66]	27 studies · 2995 participants	Low

1 including review in total.