Primary study · included by 1 review
Virtual Reality Haptic Simulators and Mobile Applications—Potential AI-enhanced Tools for Improving Clinical Endodontic Training: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Usta 2026 · Usta Sıla Nur, Silva Emmanuel João Nogueira Leal, Tekkanat Hilal, et al. · Journal of Endodontics · 2026
Included by
| Outcome this study informs | Pooled effect | Evidence | Certainty |
|---|---|---|---|
Overall learning outcomes (composite of psychomotor, cognitive and affective measures; Kirkpatrick levels 1-3) AI-driven simulation (all modalities) vs Traditional training (phantom-head, lecture, video, non-AI simulation) · Post-intervention (mostly immediate; one study at 1 week) | SMD 1.34 [1.07, 1.62] | NR | GRADE not reported |
Overall learning outcomes (composite of psychomotor, cognitive and affective measures; Kirkpatrick levels 1-3) AI-driven simulation (all modalities) vs Traditional training (phantom-head, lecture, video, non-AI simulation) · Post-intervention (mostly immediate; one study at 1 week) | SMD 1.20 [0.73, 1.67] | 5 studies · 557 participants | GRADE not reported |
Overall learning outcomes (composite of psychomotor, cognitive and affective measures; Kirkpatrick levels 1-3) AI-driven simulation (all modalities) vs Traditional training (phantom-head, lecture, video, non-AI simulation) · Post-intervention (mostly immediate; one study at 1 week) | SMD 0.94 [0.42, 1.46] | 3 studies | GRADE not reported |
Overall learning outcomes (composite of psychomotor, cognitive and affective measures; Kirkpatrick levels 1-3) AI-driven simulation (all modalities) vs Traditional training (phantom-head, lecture, video, non-AI simulation) · Post-intervention (mostly immediate; one study at 1 week) | SMD 1.12 [0.70, 1.55] | NR | GRADE not reported |
Overall learning outcomes (composite of psychomotor, cognitive and affective measures; Kirkpatrick levels 1-3) AI-driven simulation (all modalities) vs Traditional training (phantom-head, lecture, video, non-AI simulation) · Post-intervention (mostly immediate; one study at 1 week) | SMD 1.24 [0.83, 1.65] | NR | GRADE not reported |
Overall learning outcomes (composite of psychomotor, cognitive and affective measures; Kirkpatrick levels 1-3) AI-driven simulation (all modalities) vs Traditional training (phantom-head, lecture, video, non-AI simulation) · Post-intervention (mostly immediate; one study at 1 week) | SMD 1.17 [0.77, 1.57] | NR | GRADE not reported |
Overall learning outcomes (composite of psychomotor, cognitive and affective measures; Kirkpatrick levels 1-3) AI-driven simulation (all modalities) vs Traditional training (phantom-head, lecture, video, non-AI simulation) · Post-intervention (mostly immediate; one study at 1 week) | SMD 1.22 [1.11, 1.33] | NR | GRADE not reported |
Overall learning outcomes (composite of psychomotor, cognitive and affective measures; Kirkpatrick levels 1-3) AI-driven simulation (all modalities) vs Traditional training (phantom-head, lecture, video, non-AI simulation) · Post-intervention (mostly immediate; one study at 1 week) | SMD 1.09 [0.76, 1.43] | NR | GRADE not reported |
Overall learning outcomes (composite of psychomotor, cognitive and affective measures; Kirkpatrick levels 1-3) AI-driven simulation (all modalities) vs Traditional training (phantom-head, lecture, video, non-AI simulation) · Post-intervention (mostly immediate; one study at 1 week) | SMD 1.24 [0.79, 1.70] | NR | GRADE not reported |
Overall learning outcomes (composite of psychomotor, cognitive and affective measures; Kirkpatrick levels 1-3) AI-driven simulation (all modalities) vs Traditional training (phantom-head, lecture, video, non-AI simulation) · Post-intervention (mostly immediate; one study at 1 week) | SMD 1.04 [0.57, 1.51] | 5 studies | GRADE not reported |
1 including review in total.