Non-Cochrane · other · PM42930217
Measurement Heterogeneity and Pooled Prevalence of Academic Procrastination Among Health Sciences Students: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Vera-Ponce Víctor Juan, Zuzunaga-Montoya Fiorella E, Cómina-Tamayo María Julia, et al. · European journal of investigation in health, psychology and education · 2026 · PubMed · doi:10.3390/ejihpe16100154
Findings
32 findings
| Population | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Undergraduate health sciences students (medicine, nursing, dentistry, psychology, related programs) | Not applicable (prevalence) | Not applicable | Prevalence of study-defined elevated academic procrastination Cross-sectional (point or period prevalence) · Universities, health sciences programs; multinational (19 countries) · Meta-regression: year of publication | Meta-regression with year of publication: regression slope was positive (slight upward trend in prevalence) but the association did not reach statistical significance; no coefficient reported GRADE not reported 26 studies |
| Undergraduate health sciences students | Not reported | None | Study-defined elevated academic procrastination Instrument: EPA | Prevalence (%) 45.38 [29.10, 62.17] GRADE not reported 6 studies · 2768 participants |
| Undergraduate health sciences students | Not reported | None | Study-defined elevated academic procrastination Instrument: MHCA | Prevalence (%) 26.61 [19.62, 35.01] GRADE not reported 1 study · 124 participants |
| Undergraduate health sciences students | Not reported | None | Study-defined elevated academic procrastination Overall | Prevalence (%) 55.35 [46.55, 63.98] GRADE not reported 26 studies · 8211 participants |
| Undergraduate health sciences students | Not reported | None | Study-defined elevated academic procrastination Sampling: Probabilistic | Prevalence (%) 77.46 [68.32, 85.46] GRADE not reported 2 studies · 435 participants |
| Undergraduate health sciences students | Not reported | None | Study-defined elevated academic procrastination Instrument: LPS | Prevalence (%) 46.58 [11.89, 83.31] GRADE not reported 2 studies · 535 participants |
| Undergraduate health sciences students | Not reported | None | Study-defined elevated academic procrastination Instrument: APS | Prevalence (%) 60.84 [28.43, 88.66] GRADE not reported 3 studies · 1363 participants |
| Undergraduate health sciences students | Not reported | None | Study-defined elevated academic procrastination Instrument: PASS | Prevalence (%) 60.10 [43.34, 75.74] GRADE not reported 10 studies · 2325 participants |
| Undergraduate health sciences students | Not reported | None | Study-defined elevated academic procrastination Sampling: Non-probabilistic | Prevalence (%) 53.44 [44.30, 62.47] GRADE not reported 24 studies · 7776 participants |
| Undergraduate health sciences students | Not reported | None | Study-defined elevated academic procrastination Instrument: TPS-TV | Prevalence (%) 65.69 [42.62, 85.42] GRADE not reported 4 studies · 1096 participants |
| Undergraduate dentistry students | Not reported | None | Study-defined elevated academic procrastination Program: Dentistry | Prevalence (%) 45.76 [31.64, 60.23] GRADE not reported 4 studies · 1725 participants |
| Undergraduate nursing students | Not reported | None | Study-defined elevated academic procrastination Program: Nursing | Prevalence (%) 62.60 [46.88, 77.08] GRADE not reported 8 studies · 3074 participants |
| Undergraduate medicine students | Not reported | None | Study-defined elevated academic procrastination Program: Medicine | Prevalence (%) 52.62 [37.63, 67.38] GRADE not reported 12 studies · 2834 participants |
| Undergraduate psychology students | Not reported | None | Study-defined elevated academic procrastination Program: Psychology | Prevalence (%) 61.67 [20.95, 94.42] GRADE not reported 2 studies · 578 participants |
| Undergraduate health sciences students in USA | Not reported | None | Study-defined elevated academic procrastination Country: USA | Prevalence (%) 71.3 GRADE not reported 1 study |
| Undergraduate health sciences students in Mexico | Not reported | None | Study-defined elevated academic procrastination Country: Mexico | Prevalence (%) 26.6 GRADE not reported 1 study |
| Undergraduate health sciences students in Cuba | Not reported | None | Study-defined elevated academic procrastination Country: Cuba | Prevalence (%) 39.6 GRADE not reported 1 study |
| Undergraduate health sciences students in Venezuela | Not reported | None | Study-defined elevated academic procrastination Country: Venezuela | Prevalence (%) 40.0 GRADE not reported 1 study |
| Undergraduate health sciences students in Paraguay | Not reported | None | Study-defined elevated academic procrastination Country: Paraguay | Prevalence (%) 38.8 GRADE not reported 1 study |
| Undergraduate health sciences students in Turkey | Not reported | None | Study-defined elevated academic procrastination Country: Turkey | Prevalence (%) 50.0 GRADE not reported 1 study |
| Undergraduate health sciences students in Tunisia | Not reported | None | Study-defined elevated academic procrastination Country: Tunisia | Prevalence (%) 87.2 GRADE not reported 1 study |
| Undergraduate health sciences students in Egypt | Not reported | None | Study-defined elevated academic procrastination Country: Egypt | Prevalence (%) 85.9 GRADE not reported 1 study |
| Undergraduate health sciences students in China | Not applicable (prevalence) | Not applicable | Prevalence of study-defined elevated academic procrastination Cross-sectional (point or period prevalence) · Universities, health sciences programs; China · Country: China | Prevalence 67.5 GRADE not reported 2 studies |
| Undergraduate health sciences students in Iran | Not applicable (prevalence) | Not applicable | Prevalence of study-defined elevated academic procrastination Cross-sectional (point or period prevalence) · Universities, health sciences programs; Iran · Country: Iran | Prevalence 76.5 GRADE not reported 3 studies |
| Undergraduate health sciences students in Ethiopia | Not reported | None | Study-defined elevated academic procrastination Country: Ethiopia | Prevalence (%) 81.1 GRADE not reported 1 study |
| Undergraduate health sciences students in Lebanon | Not reported | None | Study-defined elevated academic procrastination Country: Lebanon | Prevalence (%) 44.3 GRADE not reported 1 study |
| Undergraduate health sciences students in India | Not applicable (prevalence) | Not applicable | Prevalence of study-defined elevated academic procrastination Cross-sectional (point or period prevalence) · Universities, health sciences programs; India · Country: India | Prevalence 53.1 GRADE not reported 2 studies |
| Undergraduate health sciences students in United Arab Emirates | Not reported | None | Study-defined elevated academic procrastination Country: United Arab Emirates | Prevalence (%) 22.7 GRADE not reported 1 study |
| Undergraduate health sciences students in Pakistan | Not applicable (prevalence) | Not applicable | Prevalence of study-defined elevated academic procrastination Cross-sectional (point or period prevalence) · Universities, health sciences programs; Pakistan · Country: Pakistan | Prevalence 49.1 GRADE not reported 2 studies |
| Undergraduate health sciences students in Peru | Not applicable (prevalence) | Not applicable | Prevalence of study-defined elevated academic procrastination Cross-sectional (point or period prevalence) · Universities, health sciences programs; Peru · Country: Peru | Prevalence 41.1 GRADE not reported 4 studies |
| Undergraduate health sciences students in Nepal | Not reported | None | Study-defined elevated academic procrastination Country: Nepal | Prevalence (%) 40.1 GRADE not reported 1 study |
| Undergraduate health sciences students in Malaysia | Not reported | None | Study-defined elevated academic procrastination Country: Malaysia | Prevalence (%) 66.5 GRADE not reported 1 study |
Included primary studies 35
Open in Studies| Study | Year | Also included by | Outcomes it informs here | Trial data |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ahmed 2023 Prevalence of Academic Procrastination and Its Negative Impact on Students DOI:10.4103/bbrj.bbrj_64_23 | 2023 | this review only | Study-defined elevated academic procrastination | not extracted yet |
| Ali 2024 Academic Procrastination among Nursing Students at Private Nursing Schools in Karachi DOI:10.21089/njhs.94.0295 | 2024 | this review only | Study-defined elevated academic procrastination | not extracted yet |
| Atalayin 2017 Procrastination and predictor variables among a group of dental students in Turkey DOI:10.1080/13548506.2017.1418014 | 2017 | this review only | Study-defined elevated academic procrastination | not extracted yet |
| Atalayin 2018 Procrastination and predictor variables among a group of dental students in Turkey. PMID:29262718 | 2018 | this review only | Study-defined elevated academic procrastination | not extracted yet |
| Awad 2023 Association Between Personality Traits and Procrastination and the Mediating Effect of Emotional Intelligence in Lebanese Medical Students DOI:10.4088/pcc.22m03246 | 2023 | this review only | Study-defined elevated academic procrastination | not extracted yet |
| Awad 2023 Association Between Personality Traits and Procrastination and the Mediating Effect of Emotional Intelligence in Lebanese Medical Students. PMID:37027792 | 2023 | this review only | Study-defined elevated academic procrastination | not extracted yet |
| Chávez Parillo 2021 Hábitos de lectura en estudiantes de la carrera de Enfermería de una universidad de Guayaquil DOI:10.31790/inspilip.v4i4.255 | 2021 | this review only | Study-defined elevated academic procrastination | not extracted yet |
| Corrales-Reyes 2022 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | Study-defined elevated academic procrastination | not extracted yet |
| Custer 2018 Test Anxiety and Academic Procrastination Among Prelicensure Nursing Students DOI:10.1097/01.nep.0000000000000291 | 2018 | this review only | Study-defined elevated academic procrastination | not extracted yet |
| Custer 2018 Test Anxiety and Academic Procrastination Among Prelicensure Nursing Students. PMID:29505500 | 2018 | this review only | Study-defined elevated academic procrastination | not extracted yet |
| Estrada-Araoz 2023 Internet Addiction and Academic Procrastination in Peruvian Nursing Students: A Cross-Sectional Study DOI:10.55908/sdgs.v11i3.479 | 2023 | this review only | Study-defined elevated academic procrastination | not extracted yet |
| Fentaw 2022 Academic Procrastination Behavior among Public University Students DOI:10.1155/2022/1277866 | 2022 | this review only | Study-defined elevated academic procrastination | not extracted yet |
| García-Álvarez 2023 Fortalezas del carácter, malestar emocional y procrastinación académica de estudiantes de Psicología DOI:10.17979/reipe.2023.10.2.9847 | 2023 | this review only | Study-defined elevated academic procrastination | not extracted yet |
| Ghasempour 2024 Relationship between academic procrastination, self-esteem, and moral intelligence among medical sciences students: a cross-sectional study DOI:10.1186/s40359-024-01731-8 | 2024 | this review only | Study-defined elevated academic procrastination | not extracted yet |
| Ghasempour 2024 Relationship between academic procrastination, self-esteem, and moral intelligence among medical sciences students: a cross-sectional study. PMID:38654390 | 2024 | this review only | Study-defined elevated academic procrastination | not extracted yet |
| Ghattas 2024 Perceived academic anxiety and procrastination among emergency nursing students: the mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation DOI:10.1186/s12912-024-02302-3 | 2024 | this review only | Study-defined elevated academic procrastination | not extracted yet |
| Ghattas 2024 Perceived academic anxiety and procrastination among emergency nursing students: the mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation. PMID:39300404 | 2024 | this review only | Study-defined elevated academic procrastination | not extracted yet |
| Hayat 2020a Prevalence of Academic Procrastination Among Medical Students and Its Relationship with Their Academic Achievement DOI:10.5812/semj.96049 | 2020 | this review only | Study-defined elevated academic procrastination | not extracted yet |
| Kafipour 2021 Procrastination and its effect on English writing errors and writing performance of medical students DOI:10.17509/ijal.v10i3.31763 | 2021 | this review only | Study-defined elevated academic procrastination | not extracted yet |
| Khalid 2019 <p>The relationship between procrastination, perceived stress, saliva alpha-amylase level and parenting styles in Chinese first year… DOI:10.2147/prbm.s207430 | 2019 | this review only | Study-defined elevated academic procrastination | not extracted yet |
| Khalid 2019 The relationship between procrastination, perceived stress, saliva alpha-amylase level and parenting styles in Chinese first year medical… PMID:31308770 | 2019 | this review only | Study-defined elevated academic procrastination | not extracted yet |
| Madhan 2012 Trait Procrastination Among Dental Students in India and Its Influence on Academic Performance DOI:10.1002/j.0022-0337.2012.76.10.tb05397.x | 2012 | this review only | Study-defined elevated academic procrastination | not extracted yet |
| Madhan 2012 Trait procrastination among dental students in India and its influence on academic performance. PMID:23066141 | 2012 | this review only | Study-defined elevated academic procrastination | not extracted yet |
| Manu 2024 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | Study-defined elevated academic procrastination | not extracted yet |
| Moya-Salazar 2023 DOI:10.2174/18744346-v17-230810-2023-16 | NR | this review only | Study-defined elevated academic procrastination | not extracted yet |
| Orco León 2022 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | Study-defined elevated academic procrastination | not extracted yet |
| Portillo 2024 Prevalencia de procrastinación académica, manifestaciones y factores asociados al iniciar la carrera de medicina DOI:10.22201/fm.20075057e.2024.52.24606 | 2024 | this review only | Study-defined elevated academic procrastination | not extracted yet |
| Real-Delor 2023 Procrastinación académica en estudiantado de medicina del Paraguay en 2022 DOI:10.15517/revedu.v47i2.53617 | 2023 | this review only | Study-defined elevated academic procrastination | not extracted yet |
| Tahir 2022 Exploring the level of academic procrastination and possible coping strategies among medical students DOI:10.47391/jpma.0710 | 2022 | this review only | Study-defined elevated academic procrastination | not extracted yet |
| Tahir 2022 Exploring the level of academic procrastination and possible coping strategies among medical students. PMID:35614591 | 2022 | this review only | Study-defined elevated academic procrastination | not extracted yet |
| Thapa 2024 ACADEMIC PROCRASTINATION AMONG UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS OF A MEDICAL INSTITUTION DOI:10.54530/jcmc.1405 | 2024 | this review only | Study-defined elevated academic procrastination | not extracted yet |
| Turki 2023 Relationship between self-esteem, self-efficacy and academic procrastination among medical students DOI:10.1192/j.eurpsy.2023.1169 | 2023 | this review only | Study-defined elevated academic procrastination | not extracted yet |
| Uma 2020 Academic procrastination and self-efficacy among a group of dental undergraduate students in Malaysia. PMID:33426130 | 2020 | this review only | Study-defined elevated academic procrastination | not extracted yet |
| Zhou 2024 Academic procrastination of nursing students in higher vocational college: Application of latent profile analysis and network analysis DOI:10.1016/j.actpsy.2024.104296 | 2024 | this review only | Study-defined elevated academic procrastination | not extracted yet |
| Zhou 2024 Academic procrastination of nursing students in higher vocational college: Application of latent profile analysis and network analysis. PMID:38692067 | 2024 | this review only | Study-defined elevated academic procrastination | not extracted yet |
Review question
| Element | Planned (methods) | Found (results) |
|---|---|---|
| Population | Undergraduate students enrolled in health sciences programs (medicine, nursing, dentistry, psychology, related health professions); general university samples only if health sciences data separable | Undergraduate health sciences students (n=26 studies; 8211 participants): medicine (n=12), nursing (n=8), dentistry (n=4), psychology (n=2) |
| Intervention | Not applicable (prevalence of academic procrastination measured with validated psychometric instruments or clear operational definitions) | Not applicable; instruments: PASS (n=10), EPA (n=6), Tuckman/TPS-TV (n=4), APS (n=3), LPS (n=2), MHCA (n=1) |
| Comparison | Not applicable | Not applicable |
| Outcomes | Point or period prevalence of academic procrastination; secondary: prevalence by severity level, associated factors, psychological comorbidities; measurement characteristics of instruments (validity, reliability, cut-off criteria) | Pooled prevalence of study-defined elevated academic procrastination (n=26) |
| Study designs | Observational studies (cross-sectional, cohort, prospective); English, Spanish, Portuguese | Cross-sectional studies (n=26); non-probabilistic sampling (n=24), probabilistic sampling (n=2) |
| Timing | Not specified | Not specified |