Non-Cochrane · intervention · PM42657351
Effects of Kiwifruit Consumption on Blood Pressure in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Mohammadi Shirin Ghotboddin, Haghighat Neda, Dehghani Azadeh, et al. · Health science reports · 2026 · PubMed · doi:10.1002/hsr2.73126
Findings
22 findings
| Population | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adults | Kiwifruit consumption | Control (habitual diet, apple, water, or other control) | Systolic blood pressure change (mmHg) | WMD -5.73 [-9.02, -2.44] Moderate Downgraded: inconsistency 6 studies |
| Adults | Kiwifruit consumption | Control (habitual diet, apple, water, or other control) | Diastolic blood pressure change (mmHg) | WMD -4.08 [-6.07, -2.10] Moderate Downgraded: inconsistency 6 studies |
| Adults with baseline SBP < 120 mmHg | Kiwifruit consumption | Control (habitual diet, apple, water, or other control) | Systolic blood pressure change (mmHg) SBP: < 120 mmHg | WMD -5.98 [-13.82, 1.85] GRADE not reported Studies not reported |
| Adults with baseline SBP > 120 mmHg | Kiwifruit consumption | Control (habitual diet, apple, water, or other control) | Systolic blood pressure change (mmHg) SBP: > 120 mmHg | WMD -5.67 [-9.58, -1.77] GRADE not reported Studies not reported |
| Adults | Kiwifruit consumption | Control (habitual diet, apple, water, or other control) | Diastolic blood pressure change (mmHg) ≤ 8 weeks · Trial duration (week): ≤ 8 weeks | WMD -4.29 [-6.47, -2.11] GRADE not reported Studies not reported |
| Adults | Kiwifruit consumption | Control (habitual diet, apple, water, or other control) | Systolic blood pressure change (mmHg) ≤ 8 weeks · Trial duration (week): ≤ 8 weeks | WMD -5.96 [-9.71, -2.21] GRADE not reported Studies not reported |
| Adults | Kiwifruit consumption | Control (habitual diet, apple, water, or other control) | Diastolic blood pressure change (mmHg) > 8 weeks · Trial duration (week): > 8 weeks | WMD -2.70 [-9.82, 4.42] GRADE not reported Studies not reported |
| Adults | Kiwifruit consumption | Control (habitual diet, apple, water, or other control) | Systolic blood pressure change (mmHg) > 8 weeks · Trial duration (week): > 8 weeks | WMD -4.64 [-4.64, 1.00] GRADE not reported Studies not reported |
| Adults | Kiwifruit consumption, 2 fruits/day | Control (habitual diet, apple, water, or other control) | Diastolic blood pressure change (mmHg) Dose: 2 | WMD -2.30 [-4.51, -0.09] GRADE not reported Studies not reported |
| Adults | Kiwifruit consumption, 2 fruits/day | Control (habitual diet, apple, water, or other control) | Systolic blood pressure change (mmHg) Dose: 2 | WMD -0.84 [-2.64, 0.95] GRADE not reported Studies not reported |
| Adults | Kiwifruit consumption, 3 fruits/day | Control (habitual diet, apple, water, or other control) | Diastolic blood pressure change (mmHg) Dose: 3 | WMD -5.74 [-8.72, -2.75] GRADE not reported Studies not reported |
| Adults | Kiwifruit consumption, 3 fruits/day | Control (habitual diet, apple, water, or other control) | Systolic blood pressure change (mmHg) Dose: 3 | WMD -9.10 [-13.10, -5.11] GRADE not reported Studies not reported |
| Adults with baseline BMI Normal (18.5–24.9) kg/m² | Kiwifruit consumption | Control (habitual diet, apple, water, or other control) | Systolic blood pressure change (mmHg) Baseline BMI (kg/m2): Normal (18.5–24.9) | WMD -7.46 [-11.07, -3.85] GRADE not reported Studies not reported |
| Adults with baseline BMI Normal (18.5–24.9) kg/m² | Kiwifruit consumption | Control (habitual diet, apple, water, or other control) | Diastolic blood pressure change (mmHg) Baseline BMI (kg/m2): Normal (18.5–24.9) | WMD -5.67 [-7.19, -4.15] GRADE not reported Studies not reported |
| Adults with baseline BMI Overweight (25–29.9) kg/m² | Kiwifruit consumption | Control (habitual diet, apple, water, or other control) | Systolic blood pressure change (mmHg) Baseline BMI (kg/m2): Overweight (25–29.9) | WMD -1.31 [-3.62, 0.98] GRADE not reported Studies not reported |
| Adults with baseline BMI Overweight (25–29.9) kg/m² | Kiwifruit consumption | Control (habitual diet, apple, water, or other control) | Diastolic blood pressure change (mmHg) Baseline BMI (kg/m2): Overweight (25–29.9) | WMD -0.52 [-1.79, 0.73] GRADE not reported Studies not reported |
| Adults; mixed-sex groups | Kiwifruit consumption | Control (habitual diet, apple, water, or other control) | Diastolic blood pressure change (mmHg) Sex: Both | WMD -2.49 [-4.42, -0.55] GRADE not reported Studies not reported |
| Adults; mixed-sex groups | Kiwifruit consumption | Control (habitual diet, apple, water, or other control) | Systolic blood pressure change (mmHg) Sex: Both | WMD -2.68 [-4.87, -0.50] GRADE not reported Studies not reported |
| Adults; male groups | Kiwifruit consumption | Control (habitual diet, apple, water, or other control) | Diastolic blood pressure change (mmHg) Sex: Male | WMD -5.63 [-9.02, -2.23] GRADE not reported Studies not reported |
| Adults; male groups | Kiwifruit consumption | Control (habitual diet, apple, water, or other control) | Systolic blood pressure change (mmHg) Sex: Male | WMD -8.73 [-14.73, -2.73] GRADE not reported Studies not reported |
| Adults with baseline DBP < 80 mmHg | Kiwifruit consumption | Control (habitual diet, apple, water, or other control) | Diastolic blood pressure change (mmHg) DBP: < 80 mmHg | WMD -3.24 [-6.86, 0.36] GRADE not reported Studies not reported |
| Adults with baseline DBP > 80 mmHg | Kiwifruit consumption | Control (habitual diet, apple, water, or other control) | Diastolic blood pressure change (mmHg) DBP: > 80 mmHg | WMD -4.51 [-7.02, -2.00] GRADE not reported Studies not reported |
Included primary studies 6
Open in Studies| Study | Year | Also included by | Outcomes it informs here | Trial data |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gammon 2013 Daily kiwifruit consumption did not improve blood pressure and markers of cardiovascular function in men with hypercholesterolemia. PMID:24655490 | 2014 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Graziani 2018 The effect of twice daily kiwifruit consumption on periodontal and systemic conditions before and after treatment: A randomized clinical… PMID:29520772 | 2018 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Karlsen 2012 Kiwifruit decreases blood pressure and whole-blood platelet aggregation in male smokers. PMID:22258209 | 2013 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Mishra 2022 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Monro 2022 Metabolic and Blood Pressure Effects of Consuming Two Kiwifruit Daily for 7 Weeks: A Randomised Controlled Trial. PMID:35807858 | 2022 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Svendsen 2015 The effect of kiwifruit consumption on blood pressure in subjects with moderately elevated blood pressure: a randomized, controlled study. PMID:25483553 | 2015 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
Review question
| Element | Planned (methods) | Found (results) |
|---|---|---|
| Population | Adults (18 years or older) | Adults: male smokers, hypercholesterolemia, stage 1 hypertension, periodontitis, healthy, prediabetes (n=6 RCTs; 10 arms) |
| Intervention | Kiwifruit consumption for at least 2 weeks | Kiwifruit, 2 or 3 fruits per day (n=6) |
| Comparison | Habitual diet, no supplementation, or control | Habitual or healthy diet, apple, water, carbonated water, control (n=6) |
| Outcomes | Changes in systolic and diastolic blood pressure | SBP (n=10 arms); DBP (n=10 arms) |
| Study designs | RCT | RCTs; five parallel and one crossover (n=6) |
| Timing | At least 2 weeks of intervention | 7 to 20 weeks |
AMSTAR 2 items
Two independent extractors rated each item. Their ratings are shown side by side because they have not been reconciled yet. The overall rating follows Shea et al. 2017: one critical flaw gives Low, more than one gives Critically Low.
| Item | Extractor A | Extractor B | Agree |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1Research question includes PICO components | Yes | Yes | yes |
| 2Protocol established before the reviewcritical | No | No | yes |
| 3Choice of study designs explained | No | No | yes |
| 4Comprehensive literature searchcritical | Partial Yes | Partial Yes | yes |
| 5Study selection in duplicate | Yes | Yes | yes |
| 6Data extraction in duplicate | Yes | Yes | yes |
| 7List of excluded studies with reasonscritical | No | No | yes |
| 8Included studies described in detail | Partial Yes | Yes | no |
| 9Risk of bias assessed satisfactorilycritical | RCT: Yes | NRSI: N/A · RCT: Yes | no |
| 10Funding of included studies reported | No | No | yes |
| 11Appropriate meta-analysis methodscritical | RCT: No | NRSI: N/A · RCT: No | no |
| 12Impact of risk of bias on the pooled results | No | No | yes |
| 13Risk of bias accounted for in interpretationcritical | Yes | Yes | yes |
| 14Heterogeneity explained | Yes | Yes | yes |
| 15Publication bias investigatedcritical | Yes | Yes | yes |
| 16Conflicts of interest reported | Yes | Yes | yes |
| Overall | Critically Low | Critically Low | yes |