Non-Cochrane · exposure · PM42150341
Oral Health in Early and Advanced Stages (1-4) of Chronic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Niederau Christian, Ali Asia Azad, Chahboun Saida, et al. · International dental journal · 2026 · PubMed · doi:10.1016/j.identj.2026.109610
Findings
17 findings
| Population | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patients with early and advanced stage (1-4) chronic kidney disease, excluding dialysis and stage 5 | CKD stages 1-4 (exposure) | Healthy individuals without CKD (controls) | Clinical attachment loss (CAL) | MD 0.27 [-0.02, 0.56] Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, indirectness 4 studies · 1560 participants |
| Patients with early and advanced stage (1-4) chronic kidney disease, excluding dialysis and stage 5 | CKD stages 1-4 (exposure) | Healthy individuals without CKD (controls) | Salivary pH | MD 0.45 [0.21, 0.70] Moderate 6 studies · 419 participants |
| Patients with early and advanced stage (1-4) chronic kidney disease, excluding dialysis and stage 5 | CKD stages 1-4 (exposure) | Healthy individuals without CKD (controls) | Unstimulated salivary flow rate | MD -0.16 [-0.22, -0.10] Moderate 8 studies · 802 participants |
| Patients with early and advanced stage (1-4) chronic kidney disease, excluding dialysis and stage 5 | CKD stages 1-4 (exposure) | Healthy individuals without CKD (controls) | Gingival index (GI) | MD 0.50 [-0.00, 1.00] Low Downgraded: imprecision 5 studies · 508 participants |
| Patients with early and advanced stage (1-4) chronic kidney disease, excluding dialysis and stage 5 | CKD stages 1-4 (exposure) | Healthy individuals without CKD (controls) | Clinical attachment loss (CAL) | MD 0.27 [-0.02, 0.56] Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, indirectness 4 studies · 1560 participants |
| Patients with early and advanced stage (1-4) chronic kidney disease, excluding dialysis and stage 5 | CKD stages 1-4 (exposure) | Healthy individuals without CKD (controls) | Caries experience (DMFT index) Unresolved: the two extractors disagree on this row. | MD -0.72 [-2.10, 0.66] Low Downgraded: imprecision 7 studies · 793 participants |
| Patients with early and advanced stage (1-4) chronic kidney disease, excluding dialysis and stage 5 | CKD stages 1-4 (exposure) | Healthy individuals without CKD (controls) | Bleeding on probing (BOP) | MD 7.75 [2.96, 12.54] Moderate 3 studies · 1458 participants |
| Patients with early and advanced stage (1-4) chronic kidney disease, excluding dialysis and stage 5 | CKD stages 1-4 (exposure) | Healthy individuals without CKD (controls) | Periodontal pocket depth (PPD) | MD 0.13 [-0.22, 0.47] Low Downgraded: imprecision, indirectness 5 studies · 1620 participants |
| Patients with early and advanced stage (1-4) chronic kidney disease, excluding dialysis and stage 5 | CKD stages 1-4 (exposure) | Healthy individuals without CKD (controls) | Periodontal pocket depth (PPD) | MD 0.13 [-0.22, 0.47] Low Downgraded: imprecision, indirectness 5 studies · 1620 participants |
| Patients with early and advanced stage (1-4) chronic kidney disease, excluding dialysis and stage 5 | CKD stages 1-4 (exposure) | Healthy individuals without CKD (controls) | Bleeding on probing (BOP) | MD 7.75 [2.96, 12.54] Moderate 3 studies · 1458 participants |
| Patients with early and advanced stage (1-4) chronic kidney disease, excluding dialysis and stage 5 | CKD stages 1-4 (exposure) | Healthy individuals without CKD (controls) | Plaque Index (PI) | MD 0.20 [0.01, 0.40] Moderate 3 studies · 180 participants |
| Patients with chronic kidney disease stages 1-4 (non-dialysis) | CKD stage 1-4 (exposure) | Healthy controls without CKD | Stimulated salivary flow rate (ml/min) | MD -0.6 [-0.91, -0.28] Moderate 5 studies · 500 participants |
| Patients with early and advanced stage (1-4) chronic kidney disease, excluding dialysis and stage 5 | CKD stages 1-4 (exposure) | Healthy individuals without CKD (controls) | Oral hygiene index simplified (OHI-S) | MD 1.47 [0.89, 2.05] Moderate 6 studies · 573 participants |
| Patients with early and advanced stage (1-4) chronic kidney disease, excluding dialysis and stage 5; children | CKD stages 1-4 (exposure) | Healthy individuals without CKD (controls) | Caries experience (DMFT index) Children | MD -2.81 [-5.83, 0.22] GRADE not reported 3 studies · 292 participants |
| Patients with early and advanced stage (1-4) chronic kidney disease, excluding dialysis and stage 5; adults | CKD stages 1-4 (exposure) | Healthy individuals without CKD (controls) | Caries experience (DMFT index) Adults | MD 0.12 [-0.88, 1.12] GRADE not reported 4 studies · 502 participants |
| Patients with early and advanced stage (1-4) chronic kidney disease, excluding dialysis and stage 5; studies from Europe | CKD stages 1-4 (exposure) | Healthy individuals without CKD (controls) | Oral hygiene index simplified (OHI-S) Studies from Europe | MD 1.75 [1.25, 2.25] GRADE not reported 5 studies · 513 participants |
| Patients with early and advanced stage (1-4) chronic kidney disease, excluding dialysis and stage 5; studies from outside Europe | CKD stages 1-4 (exposure) | Healthy individuals without CKD (controls) | Oral hygiene index simplified (OHI-S) Studies from outside Europe | MD -0.72 [-1.32, -0.12] GRADE not reported 1 study · 60 participants |
Included primary studies 26
Open in Studies| Study | Year | Also included by | Outcomes it informs here | Trial data |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dokumacigil 2025 Dental caries, oral hygiene and salivary characteristics in children with chronic kidney disease: a case-control study. PMID:40105933 | 2025 | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Andaloro 2018 Chronic kidney disease in children: Assessment of oral health status. PMID:30152631 | 2018 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Belazelkovska 2014 Oral and Salivary Changes in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease DOI:10.2478/bj-2014-0019 | 2014 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Beyer 2025 Oral health status in children with chronic kidney disease, kidney transplantation, and nephrotic syndrome: a cross-sectional study. PMID:39904895 | 2025 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Borawski 2007 The periodontal status of pre-dialysis chronic kidney disease and maintenance dialysis patients. PMID:17124280 | 2007 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Brito 2012 Extent and severity of chronic periodontitis in chronic kidney disease patients. PMID:22181057 | 2012 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Davidovich 2005 Oral findings and periodontal status in children, adolescents and young adults suffering from renal failure. PMID:16174271 | 2005 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Davidovich 2009 The correlation between dental calculus and disturbed mineral metabolism in paediatric patients with chronic kidney disease. PMID:19297359 | 2009 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Garcez 2009 Oral health status of patients with a mild decrease in glomerular filtration rate. PMID:19138640 | 2009 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Gupta 2018 Comparative Evaluation of Periodontal Status of Chronic Renal Failure Patients and Systemically Healthy Individuals. PMID:29603707 | 2018 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Kassim 2019 Oral Manifestation and Caries Experience in Pre-Dialysis Chronic Kidney Disease Patients DOI:10.21315/aos2019.14.2.394 | 2019 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Kassim 2019 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Lamba 2023 Association of Apical Periodontitis with Different Stages of Chronic Kidney Disease Measured by Glomerular Filtration Rate and Systemic… PMID:37640201 | 2023 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Marinho 2007 Oral health status in patients with moderate-severe and terminal renal failure. PMID:17664917 | 2007 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Marinoski 2019 Oral mucosa and salivary findings in non-diabetic patients with chronic kidney disease. PMID:31078070 | 2019 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Oyetola 2015 Salivary Flow Rates of Nigerian Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Case-control Study. PMID:26067727 | 2015 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Palathingal 2022 A Cross-Sectional Study of Serum Glutathione Peroxidase: An Antioxidative Marker in Chronic Periodontitis and Chronic Kidney Disease. PMID:35340502 | 2022 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Pham 2018 Dental condition and salivary characteristics in Vietnamese patients with chronic kidney disease. PMID:30582881 | 2019 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Sezer 2023 Assessment of the oral health status of children with chronic kidney disease. PMID:35499576 | 2023 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Silva 2019 Health and oral health-related quality of life of children and adolescents with chronic kidney disease: a cross-sectional study. PMID:31123881 | 2019 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Tadakamadla 2014 Comparative evaluation of oral health status of chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients in various stages and healthy controls. PMID:24712506 | 2014 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Thorman 2010 Inflammatory cytokines in saliva: early signs of metabolic disorders in chronic kidney disease. A controlled cross-sectional study. PMID:20955949 | 2010 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Tomas 2008 Changes in salivary composition in patients with renal failure DOI:10.1016/j.archoralbio.2008.01.006 | 2008 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Tomas 2008 Changes in salivary composition in patients with renal failure. PMID:18294611 | 2008 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Tsai 2022 Localized periodontitis and kidney function for the risk of proteinuria in young adults in the CHIEF oral health study. PMID:36347995 | 2022 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Valenzuela-Narvaez 2021 Periodontal disease as a predictor of chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage in older adults. PMID:34311597 | 2021 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
Overlap with other reviews
Reviews that include the same primary studies are not independent evidence. Shared counts match studies by PMID, DOI or NCT, and otherwise by author and year (a probable match). Only the non-Cochrane dental reviews have study lists, so overlap with Cochrane reviews is not counted yet.
| Review | Shared studies | Jaccard |
|---|---|---|
| Scrolling Through Risk: The Overlooked Oral Health Cost of the Digital Lifestyle. (2026) | 1 | 0.02 |
Review question
| Element | Planned (methods) | Found (results) |
|---|---|---|
| Population | Patients with CKD in early and advanced stages (1-4), excluding dialysis, kidney transplantation and stage 5 | CKD stage 1-4 patients, 24 studies (18 cross-sectional, 6 case-control), 22 in meta-analysis |
| Intervention | Exposure: CKD | CKD stage 1-4 (exposure) |
| Comparison | Patients without chronic kidney disease | Healthy controls without CKD |
| Outcomes | DMFT, plaque index, OHI-S, salivary pH, salivary flow rate, bleeding on probing, periodontal pocket depth, clinical attachment loss, gingival index | DMFT (n=7); plaque index (n=3); OHI-S (n=6); salivary pH (n=6); unstimulated flow (n=8); stimulated flow (n=4-5); BOP (n=3); gingival index (n=5); PPD (n=5); CAL (n=4) |
| Study designs | Clinical studies (retrospective and prospective) with available full text and a control group | Cross-sectional (n=18) and case-control (n=6) studies |
| Timing | Not specified | Not specified |