Non-Cochrane · aetiology · PM42131591
Factors associated with postoperative delirium in patients undergoing oral and maxillofacial surgery: a meta-analysis of observational study.
Lin Yifan, Chen Xiaofen, Lin Lulu, et al. · Frontiers in medicine · 2026 · PubMed · doi:10.3389/fmed.2026.1795458
Findings
Population Adults undergoing oral and maxillofacial surgery
5 findings
| Age over 65 years | Age 65 years or younger | Postoperative delirium Postoperative · Oral and maxillofacial surgery, mainly oral cancer and free flap reconstruction | OR 1.63 [1.15, 2.31] GRADE not reported 6 studies |
| Male sex | Female sex | Postoperative delirium Postoperative · Oral and maxillofacial surgery, mainly oral cancer and free flap reconstruction | OR 1.9 [1.17, 3.09] GRADE not reported 4 studies |
| Alcohol consumption | No alcohol consumption | Postoperative delirium Postoperative · Oral and maxillofacial surgery, mainly oral cancer and free flap reconstruction | OR 3.43 [2.09, 5.66] GRADE not reported 3 studies |
| Smoking | Non-smoking | Postoperative delirium Postoperative · Oral and maxillofacial surgery, mainly oral cancer and free flap reconstruction | OR 2.34 [1.19, 4.59] GRADE not reported 3 studies |
| Insomnia | No insomnia | Postoperative delirium Postoperative · Oral and maxillofacial surgery, mainly oral cancer and free flap reconstruction | OR 2.27 [1.24, 4.19] GRADE not reported 2 studies |
Included primary studies 7
Open in Studies| Study | Year | Also included by | Outcomes it informs here | Trial data |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chen 2025 Development and validation of a nomogram model for predicting postoperative delirium in elderly patients with oral cancer: a retrospective… PMID:40604666 | 2025 | this review only | Postoperative delirium | not extracted yet |
| Crawford 2021 Postoperative delirium in patients with head and neck oral cancer in the West of Scotland. PMID:33358010 | 2021 | this review only | Postoperative delirium | not extracted yet |
| Densky 2019 Risk Factors Associated With Postoperative Delirium in Patients Undergoing Head and Neck Free Flap Reconstruction. PMID:30605208 | 2019 | this review only | Postoperative delirium | not extracted yet |
| Hasegawa 2015 Risk factors associated with postoperative delirium after surgery for oral cancer. PMID:26143685 | 2015 | this review only | Postoperative delirium | not extracted yet |
| Makiguchi 2020 Impact of skeletal muscle mass on postoperative delirium in patients undergoing free flap repair after oral cancer resection. PMID:32031462 | 2020 | this review only | Postoperative delirium | not extracted yet |
| Ooms 2023 Influence of perioperative blood pressure regulation on postoperative delirium in patients undergoing head and neck free flap… PMID:37736691 | 2023 | this review only | Postoperative delirium | not extracted yet |
| Ortner 2021 Patient-related and anesthesia-dependent determinants for postoperative delirium after oral and maxillofacial surgery. Results from a… PMID:32302798 | 2021 | this review only | Postoperative delirium | not extracted yet |
Review question
| Element | Planned (methods) | Found (results) |
|---|---|---|
| Population | Adult patients undergoing oral and maxillofacial surgery regardless of disease type (tumors, trauma, dental restoration) | Adult patients undergoing oral and maxillofacial surgery, mostly oral cancer, head and neck oncologic and free flap reconstruction (n=2,398) |
| Intervention | Potential risk factors for postoperative delirium (exposures) | Age >65 years (6 studies); male sex (4); alcohol consumption (3); smoking (3); insomnia (2) |
| Comparison | Not specified | Patients without the factor |
| Outcomes | Postoperative delirium diagnosed with recognized criteria (DSM-IV, DSM-5, ICD-10) | Postoperative delirium (371/2,398; 15.5%) |
| Study designs | Cohort and case-control studies | 5 cohort studies and 2 case-control studies |
| Timing | Not specified | Not specified |