Non-Cochrane · prognostic · PM42021157
Relative risk of oral manifestations with celiac disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Zhao Yushui, Feng Wei · BMC gastroenterology · 2026 · PubMed · doi:10.1186/s12876-026-04860-z
Findings
Population People with celiac disease
15 findings
| Celiac disease (exposure) | Non-celiac controls | Dental enamel defects | RR 2.49 [2.12, 2.93] GRADE not reported 15 studies · 3731 participants |
| Celiac disease (exposure) | Non-celiac controls | Delayed dental eruption | RR 2.09 [1.23, 3.54] GRADE not reported Studies not reported |
| Celiac disease (exposure) | Non-celiac controls | Xerostomia | RR 5.99 [3.16, 11.35] GRADE not reported 4 studies · 529 participants |
| Celiac disease (exposure) | Non-celiac controls | Recurrent aphthous stomatitis | RR 2.45 [1.67, 3.60] GRADE not reported 14 studies · 3524 participants |
| Celiac disease (exposure) | Non-celiac controls | Dental caries | RR 1.56 [1.01, 2.40] GRADE not reported Studies not reported |
| Celiac disease (single-group prevalence) | None (no comparator) | Glossodynia Oral manifestation type: glossodynia | Prevalence (%) 10.95 [7.88, 15.04] GRADE not reported 4 studies · 1026 participants |
| Celiac disease (single-group prevalence) | None (no comparator) | Atrophic glossitis Oral manifestation type: atrophic glossitis | Prevalence (%) 12.78 [2.55, 45.09] GRADE not reported 3 studies · 168 participants |
| Celiac disease (single-group prevalence) | None (no comparator) | Dental caries Oral manifestation type: dental caries | Prevalence (%) 45.38 [14.03, 80.88] GRADE not reported 5 studies · 425 participants |
| Celiac disease (single-group prevalence) | None (no comparator) | Dental enamel defects | Prevalence (%) 39.41 GRADE not reported Studies not reported |
| Celiac disease (single-group prevalence) | None (no comparator) | Delayed dental eruption Oral manifestation type: delayed dental eruption | Prevalence (%) 40.42 [19.78, 65.12] GRADE not reported 4 studies · 352 participants |
| Celiac disease (single-group prevalence) | None (no comparator) | Recurrent aphthous stomatitis | Prevalence (%) 33.07 GRADE not reported Studies not reported |
| Celiac disease (single-group prevalence) | None (no comparator) | Angular cheilitis Oral manifestation type: angular cheilitis | Prevalence (%) 6.81 [4.60, 9.96] GRADE not reported 4 studies · 314 participants |
| Celiac disease (single-group prevalence) | None (no comparator) | Any oral manifestation (overall) | Prevalence (%) 21.47 [13.85, 31.73] GRADE not reported 17 studies · 2508 participants |
| Celiac disease (single-group prevalence) | None (no comparator) | Periodontitis Oral manifestation type: periodontitis | Prevalence (%) 56.70 [0.00, 100.00] GRADE not reported 2 studies · 48 participants |
| Celiac disease (single-group prevalence) | None (no comparator) | Geographic tongue Oral manifestation type: geographic tongue | Prevalence (%) 8.09 [4.89, 13.12] GRADE not reported 3 studies · 175 participants |
Included primary studies 35
Open in Studies| Study | Year | Also included by | Outcomes it informs here | Trial data |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acar 2012 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | Recurrent aphthous stomatitis | not extracted yet |
| Ahmed 2021 Dental enamel defects and oral cavity manifestations in Asian patients with celiac disease DOI:10.1007/s12664-021-01175-7 | 2021 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Ahmed 2021 Dental enamel defects and oral cavity manifestations in Asian patients with celiac disease. PMID:34244963 | 2021 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Alamoudi 2020 Dental maturity in children with celiac disease: a case–control study DOI:10.1186/s12903-020-01316-y | 2020 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Alamoudi 2020 Dental maturity in children with celiac disease: a case-control study. PMID:33167944 | 2020 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Alsadat 2021 Oral and dental manifestations of celiac disease in children: a case–control study DOI:10.1186/s12903-021-01976-4 | 2021 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Alsadat 2021 Oral and dental manifestations of celiac disease in children: a case-control study. PMID:34965875 | 2021 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Amirabadi 2024 [Prevention of hepatitis in Denmark]. PMID:2024341 | 1991 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Bramanti 2014 Clinical Evaluation of Specific Oral Manifestations in Pediatric Patients with Ascertained versus Potential Coeliac Disease: A… DOI:10.1155/2014/934159 | 2014 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Bramanti 2014 Clinical Evaluation of Specific Oral Manifestations in Pediatric Patients with Ascertained versus Potential Coeliac Disease: A… PMID:25197270 | 2014 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Bucci 2006 Oral aphthous ulcers and dental enamel defects in children with coeliac disease. PMID:16449028 | 2006 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Campisi 2007 Oral pathology in untreated coelic disease DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2007.03535.x | 2007 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Campisi 2007 Oral pathology in untreated coeliac [corrected] disease. PMID:17919276 | 2007 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Coelho 2023 Oral Health-Related Quality of Life in Celiac Portuguese Children: a cross-sectional study DOI:10.1007/s40368-023-00842-x | 2023 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Coelho 2023 Oral Health-Related Quality of Life in Celiac Portuguese Children: a cross-sectional study. PMID:37747657 | 2023 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Cruz 2018 Dental and oral manifestations of celiac disease. PMID:30341262 | 2018 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| De Carvalho 2015 Oral aspects in celiac disease children: clinical and dental enamel chemical evaluation DOI:10.1016/j.oooo.2015.02.483 | 2015 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| De Carvalho 2015 Oral aspects in celiac disease children: clinical and dental enamel chemical evaluation. PMID:25840513 | 2015 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Kustro 2020 Clinicoradiologic aspects of periodontal diseases in patients with gluten-related disorders DOI:10.12680/balneo.2020.329 | 2020 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Ludovichetti 2022 Oro-dental Lesions in Paediatric Patients with Coeliac Disease: an Observatioanl Retrospective Clinical Study DOI:10.17235/reed.2022.8422/2021 | 2022 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Macho 2019 Does the introduction of gluten-free diet influence the prevalence of oral soft tissue lesions in celiac disease? DOI:10.4103/jioh.jioh_134_19 | 2019 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Macho 2020 The difference in symmetry of the enamel defects in celiac disease versus non-celiac pediatric population DOI:10.1016/j.jds.2020.02.006 | 2020 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Macho 2020 The difference in symmetry of the enamel defects in celiac disease versus non-celiac pediatric population. PMID:32952893 | 2020 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Madi 2024 Salivary interleukin-17A and interleukin-18 levels in patients with celiac disease and periodontitis. PMID:38756445 | 2024 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Manninen 2025 Prevalence of oral manifestations in coeliac disease and associated factors DOI:10.1186/s12876-025-03699-0 | 2025 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Manninen 2025 Prevalence of oral manifestations in coeliac disease and associated factors. PMID:40033185 | 2025 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Mina 2008 Alterations of the oral ecosystem in children with celiac disease. PMID:19177847 | 2008 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Moreau 2021 Oral manifestations of celiac disease in French children DOI:10.1016/j.arcped.2020.11.002 | 2021 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Moreau 2021 Oral manifestations of celiac disease in French children. PMID:33341334 | 2021 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Procaccini 2007 Lack of association between celiac disease and dental enamel hypoplasia in a case-control study from an Italian central region DOI:10.1186/1746-160x-3-25 | 2007 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Procaccini 2007 Lack of association between celiac disease and dental enamel hypoplasia in a case-control study from an Italian central region. PMID:17537244 | 2007 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Saraceno 2016 Aphthous, celiac disease and other dental disorders in childhood. PMID:25854669 | 2016 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Shahraki 2018 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Zoumpoulakis 2019 Prevalence of Dental Enamel Defects, Aphthous-Like Ulcers and Other Oral Manifestations in Celiac Children and Adolescents: A Comparative… DOI:10.17796/1053-4625-43.4.9 | 2019 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Zoumpoulakis 2019 Prevalence of Dental Enamel Defects, Aphthous-Like Ulcers and Other Oral Manifestations in Celiac Children and Adolescents: A Comparative… PMID:31283894 | 2019 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
Review question
| Element | Planned (methods) | Found (results) |
|---|---|---|
| Population | Patients diagnosed with celiac disease, adults and children, no restriction on treatment (e.g. gluten-free diet) or age | Patients with celiac disease (n=2508 in prevalence analysis; 1749 to 1895 in risk ratio analyses) |
| Intervention | Celiac disease (exposure) | Celiac disease |
| Comparison | Non-celiac controls where available | Non-celiac controls (n=1775 for RAS; 1836 for DED; 223 for xerostomia) |
| Outcomes | Oral manifestations: recurrent aphthous stomatitis, dental enamel defects, delayed dental eruption, xerostomia, glossodynia; prevalence estimates | RAS RR; DED RR; xerostomia RR; delayed dental eruption RR; caries RR; pooled prevalence of oral manifestations overall and by type (glossodynia, geographic tongue, caries, delayed dental eruption, atrophic glossitis, angular cheilitis, periodontitis) |
| Study designs | Observational studies (cohort, case-control, cross-sectional) in peer-reviewed English-language journals | 22 observational studies: case-control (n=10), cross-sectional (n=8), prospective cohort (n=3), retrospective cohort (n=2) |
| Timing | Not specified | Not specified |