Non-Cochrane · prognostic · PM41792702
Prevalence and association of Molar Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH) in patients presenting dental fluorosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Bahloul Inas, Elbasraoui Ghita, Ghoul Sonia · BMC oral health · 2026 · PubMed · doi:10.1186/s12903-026-08052-9
Findings
8 findings
| Population | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Children aged 8-16 years with and without dental fluorosis (DF) | Dental fluorosis (exposure) | No dental fluorosis | Molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) occurrence (association with DF) Cross-sectional · School children, Colombia, Mexico, Brazil, China | OR 1.10 [0.71, 1.71] GRADE not reported 4 studies · 1503 participants |
| Children aged 8-16 years in studies assessing both MIH and dental fluorosis | Dental fluorosis present (DF+) | Dental fluorosis absent (DF-) | Molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) Abstract-reported pooled estimate (differs from Fig. 3A) | OR 1.10 [0.71, 1.71] GRADE not reported 4 studies · 1503 participants |
| Children aged 8-16 years with and without dental fluorosis (DF) | Dental fluorosis (exposure) | No dental fluorosis | MIH occurrence (association with DF), descriptive contingency analysis of all included studies Cross-sectional · School children, Colombia, Mexico, Brazil, China | OR 1.36 [1.12, 1.65] GRADE not reported 5 studies |
| Children aged 8-16 years with dental fluorosis | Dental fluorosis (exposure) | No comparison group | Proportion of severe MIH among children with MIH and DF (mean across studies) Cross-sectional · School children, Colombia, Mexico, Brazil, China | Prevalence 27.1 GRADE not reported 4 studies |
| Children aged 8-16 years in included cross-sectional studies | None (prevalence) | None | Prevalence of dental fluorosis | Prevalence (%) 51 GRADE not reported 5 studies · 3071 participants |
| Children aged 8-16 years in included cross-sectional studies | None (prevalence) | None | Moderate MIH as share of MIH cases | Mean prevalence (%) 17.8 GRADE not reported 4 studies |
| Children aged 8-16 years with dental fluorosis | Dental fluorosis (exposure) | No comparison group | Proportion of mild MIH among children with MIH and DF (mean across studies) Cross-sectional · School children, Colombia, Mexico, Brazil, China | Prevalence 55.1 GRADE not reported 4 studies |
| Children aged 8-16 years with dental fluorosis | Dental fluorosis (exposure) | No comparison group | Prevalence of MIH across studies in children with DF Cross-sectional · School children, Colombia, Mexico, Brazil, China | Prevalence 21 GRADE not reported 5 studies |
Included primary studies 7
Open in Studies| Study | Year | Also included by | Outcomes it informs here | Trial data |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Duarte 2021 Is there an association between dental caries, fluorosis, and molar-incisor hypomineralization? DOI:10.1590/1678-7757-2020-0890 | 2021 | this review only | Molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) | not extracted yet |
| Duarte 2021 Is there an association between dental caries, fluorosis, and molar-incisor hypomineralization? PMID:34287466 | 2021 | this review only | Molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) | not extracted yet |
| Medina Varela 2024 An inverse relationship between dental fluorosis and Molar Incisor Hypomineralization in Mexican schoolchildren in an area with a high… PMID:39283869 | 2024 | this review only | Molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) | not extracted yet |
| Restrepo 2022 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | Molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) | not extracted yet |
| Restrepo 2022 Association Between Frequency and Severity of Dental Fluorosis and Molar Incisor Hypomineralization. PMID:35311979 | 2022 | this review only | Molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) | not extracted yet |
| Saldarriaga 2021 Dental fluorosis severity in children 8-12 years old and associated factors. PMID:34570864 | 2021 | this review only | Molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) | not extracted yet |
| Zhang 2023 Study on machine learning of molar incisor hypomineralization in an endemic fluorosis region in central China. PMID:37008000 | 2023 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
Review question
| Element | Planned (methods) | Found (results) |
|---|---|---|
| Population | Children, adolescents and elderly patients diagnosed with both MIH (any severity) and DF (any severity) | Children aged 8-16 years (n=3071), Colombia, Mexico, Brazil, China |
| Intervention | Patients living in endemic fluoride areas (dental fluorosis exposure) | Dental fluorosis (Thylstrup and Fejerskov Index) |
| Comparison | No comparison group specified | Children without dental fluorosis (n=790 in meta-analysis) |
| Outcomes | Primary: prevalence of MIH in patients with DF; secondary: association between MIH and DF | MIH prevalence and severity; association between MIH and DF (OR) |
| Study designs | Observational studies (cohort, case-control, cross-sectional) | Cross-sectional studies (n=5) |
| Timing | Not specified | Not specified |