Non-Cochrane · intervention · PM41685848
Three-Dimensional Filling Quality of Cold Lateral vs Warm Vertical Condensation: A Micro-CT and CBCT-Based Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Dashti Mahmood, Ghadimi Niloofar, Yalc N Turgut Yagmur, et al. · European endodontic journal · 2025 · PubMed · doi:10.14744/eej.2025.22599
Findings
Population Extracted human single-rooted teeth / in vitro human root canals prepared for endodontic treatment
2 findings
| Warm vertical condensation (WVC) obturation | Cold lateral condensation (CLC) obturation | Gutta-percha percentage in the complete canal length (3D obturation quality) Post-obturation (single imaging) · Laboratory (in vitro) · Overall | SMD -2.19 [-3.78, -0.60] GRADE not reported 5 studies · 148 participants |
| Warm vertical condensation (WVC) obturation | Cold lateral condensation (CLC) obturation | Gutta-percha percentage in the apical third of the canal (3D obturation quality) Post-obturation (single imaging) · Laboratory (in vitro) · Overall | SMD -0.79 [-1.92, 0.35] GRADE not reported 5 studies · 148 participants |
Included primary studies 13
Open in Studies| Study | Year | Also included by | Outcomes it informs here | Trial data |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abdo 2012 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Gupta 2023 Comparative evaluation of the quality and homogeneity of different obturating systems using cone-beam computed tomography - An in vitro… PMID:37705542 | 2023 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Ho 2016 Quality of root canal fillings using three gutta-percha obturation techniques. PMID:26877987 | 2016 | this review only | Gutta-percha percentage in the complete canal length (3D obturation quality); Gutta-percha percentage in the apical third of the canal (3D obturation quality) | not extracted yet |
| Keles 2013 Quality of different gutta-percha techniques when filling experimental internal resorptive cavities: a micro-computed tomography study. PMID:24118357 | 2014 | this review only | Gutta-percha percentage in the complete canal length (3D obturation quality); Gutta-percha percentage in the apical third of the canal (3D obturation quality) | not extracted yet |
| Keles 2014 Micro-CT evaluation of root filling quality in oval-shaped canals. PMID:24527697 | 2014 | this review only | Gutta-percha percentage in the complete canal length (3D obturation quality); Gutta-percha percentage in the apical third of the canal (3D obturation quality) | not extracted yet |
| Kim 2024 Micro-CT determination of the porosity of two tricalcium silicate sealers applied using three obturation techniques. PMID:39010164 | 2024 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Li 2014 Quality of obturation achieved by an endodontic core-carrier system with crosslinked gutta-percha carrier in single-rooted canals. PMID:24769108 | 2014 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Naseri 2013 Evaluation of the quality of four root canal obturation techniques using micro-computed tomography. PMID:23922567 | 2013 | this review only | Gutta-percha percentage in the complete canal length (3D obturation quality); Gutta-percha percentage in the apical third of the canal (3D obturation quality) | not extracted yet |
| Selem 2014 Quality of obturation achieved by a non-gutta-percha-based root filling system in single-rooted canals. PMID:25262034 | 2014 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Suassuna 2023 Thermal and volumetric assessment of endodontic filling techniques using infrared thermography and micro-CT DOI:10.2334/josnusd.22-0285 | 2023 | this review only | Gutta-percha percentage in the complete canal length (3D obturation quality) | not extracted yet |
| Suassuna 2023 Thermal and volumetric assessment of endodontic filling techniques using infrared thermography and micro-CT. PMID:36543226 | 2023 | this review only | Gutta-percha percentage in the complete canal length (3D obturation quality); Gutta-percha percentage in the apical third of the canal (3D obturation quality) | not extracted yet |
| Zand 2022 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Zongova-Adem 2024 ProTaper universal retreatment retreatment potential in oval-shaped canals filled with different obturation techniques-A micro-computed… PMID:38827350 | 2024 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
Review question
| Element | Planned (methods) | Found (results) |
|---|---|---|
| Population | Extracted human teeth (or in vitro human root canals) prepared for endodontic treatment | Extracted human single-rooted single-canal teeth or canals (n=148 per group in the review; n=74 per group in the meta-analysis) |
| Intervention | Warm vertical condensation (WVC) techniques | WVC (n=74 in meta-analysis; thermomechanical compaction in one study) |
| Comparison | Cold lateral condensation (CLC) techniques | CLC (n=74 in meta-analysis) |
| Outcomes | Three-dimensional obturation quality (voids, gaps, filling completeness) measured by Micro-CT or CBCT; gutta-percha percentage in complete canal and apical third | Gutta-percha percentage in complete canal length (5 studies); gutta-percha percentage in apical third (5 studies) |
| Study designs | Studies comparing WVC and CLC using Micro-CT or CBCT; scoping reviews, systematic reviews and meta-analyses excluded | 12 in vitro studies included; 5 in meta-analysis |
| Timing | Publications up to December 2024 | Post-obturation Micro-CT or CBCT scans |
AMSTAR 2 items
Two independent extractors rated each item. Their ratings are shown side by side because they have not been reconciled yet. The overall rating follows Shea et al. 2017: one critical flaw gives Low, more than one gives Critically Low.
| Item | Extractor A | Extractor B | Agree |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1Research question includes PICO components | Yes | Yes | yes |
| 2Protocol established before the reviewcritical | No | No | yes |
| 3Choice of study designs explained | No | No | yes |
| 4Comprehensive literature searchcritical | Partial Yes | Partial Yes | yes |
| 5Study selection in duplicate | Yes | Yes | yes |
| 6Data extraction in duplicate | No | No | yes |
| 7List of excluded studies with reasonscritical | No | No | yes |
| 8Included studies described in detail | Partial Yes | Partial Yes | yes |
| 9Risk of bias assessed satisfactorilycritical | RCT: N/A · NRSI: No | NRSI: No · RCT: N/A | no |
| 10Funding of included studies reported | No | No | yes |
| 11Appropriate meta-analysis methodscritical | RCT: N/A · NRSI: No | NRSI: N/A · RCT: Yes | no |
| 12Impact of risk of bias on the pooled results | No | No | yes |
| 13Risk of bias accounted for in interpretationcritical | Yes | Yes | yes |
| 14Heterogeneity explained | Yes | Yes | yes |
| 15Publication bias investigatedcritical | No | No | yes |
| 16Conflicts of interest reported | Yes | Yes | yes |
| Overall | Critically Low | Critically Low | yes |