Non-Cochrane · prognostic · PM41624147
Economic burden and economic impact of oral diseases in India: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Karuveettil Vineetha, Janakiram Chandrashekar, Ramachandran Aparna, et al. · Journal of oral biology and craniofacial research · 2026 · PubMed · doi:10.1016/j.jobcr.2026.01.006
Findings
Population Households or individuals in India using oral health care (studies using the 20% income threshold)
1 finding
| Not applicable (prevalence) | Not applicable | Catastrophic dental health expenditure (20% or more of household income) India; household and national survey data · Overall (random-effects, 20% income threshold) | Prevalence (%) 18.8 [15.0, 22.9] GRADE not reported 3 studies · 605 participants |
Included primary studies 16
Open in Studies| Study | Year | Also included by | Outcomes it informs here | Trial data |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singh 2015 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Balaji 2018 Economic impact of dental caries in India DOI:10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_253_18 | 2018 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Bernabe 2017 The impact of out-of-pocket payments for dental care on household finances in low and middle income countries DOI:10.1186/s12889-017-4042-0 | 2017 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Bhat 2023 Utilization of health insurance by patients admitted for dental surgical procedures at a tertiary care hospital in Coastal Karnataka: a… DOI:10.12688/f1000research.139841.2 | 2023 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Goswami 2023 Financial impact of oral cancer treatment on the households in rural India DOI:10.4103/ijc.ijc_224_19 | 2023 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Kandwal 2020 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Masood 2015 Household Expenditure for Dental Care in Low and Middle Income Countries DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0123075 | 2015 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Meenal 2013 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Meenal 2017 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Nobelika 2020 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | Catastrophic dental health expenditure (20% or more of household income) | not extracted yet |
| Patel 2021 Costs incurred by patients with oral potentially malignant disorders: is there a public health need for financial protection in India? DOI:10.1186/s13104-021-05814-2 | 2021 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Prasad 2021 National sample surveys show poor households face catastrophic expenditure for oral healthcare services in India. PMID:34660417 | 2021 | this review only | Catastrophic dental health expenditure (20% or more of household income) | not extracted yet |
| Ramireddy 2017 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Singh 2021 A prospective study to determine the cost of illness for oral cancer in India DOI:10.3332/ecancer.2021.1252 | 2021 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Syamkumar 2022 Assessment of Oral Health Care-Related Expenditure among People of Kerala: A Cross-Sectional Study. PMID:36110667 | 2022 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Verma 2018 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
Overlap with other reviews
Reviews that include the same primary studies are not independent evidence. Shared counts match studies by PMID, DOI or NCT, and otherwise by author and year (a probable match). Only the non-Cochrane dental reviews have study lists, so overlap with Cochrane reviews is not counted yet.
| Review | Shared studies | Jaccard |
|---|---|---|
| Effect of curcumin compared to chlorhexidine on clinical variables of periodontal health: A systematic review and meta-analysis of… (2026) | 1 | 0.02 |
Review question
| Element | Planned (methods) | Found (results) |
|---|---|---|
| Population | Individuals or households affected by oral diseases in India, any age, sex, socioeconomic status or region | Households and patients in India: sanitary workers, oral cancer patients, general households, dental patients (n=15 studies) |
| Intervention | Not applicable (economic burden review) | Not applicable |
| Comparison | Not specified | Not applicable |
| Outcomes | Direct and indirect costs, out-of-pocket expenditure, catastrophic health expenditure, hardship or distress financing, poverty impact | Out-of-pocket expenditure; direct and indirect costs; catastrophic health expenditure (pooled 18.8% at 20% income threshold, 3 estimates, n=605); insurance coverage; hardship financing; poverty impact |
| Study designs | Cost-of-illness, cross-sectional, cohort, secondary survey analyses, economic modelling, mixed-methods with quantitative data | Cross-sectional (n=10), retrospective observational (n=2), prospective cost-of-illness (n=1), secondary survey data (n=3 including World Health Survey and NSSO), narrative commentary (n=1) |
| Timing | Not specified | Not specified |