Cochrane · systematic review · CD013717
International travel‐related control measures to contain the COVID‐19 pandemic: a rapid review
Burns, J, Movsisyan, A, Stratil, JM, et al. · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · 2021 · Cochrane Library
Public HealthAMSTAR 2: not assessed
SoF tableOnly the outcomes this review put in its Summary of Findings table are listed (the Cochrane Handbook caps them at about seven per comparison). Its other analyses are not shown here.
Questions
38
current version
GRADE rated
33
No studies
5
Included studies
NR
No studies 5 · 13.2%Ungraded 0 · 0%Very low 23 · 60.5%Low 9 · 23.7%Moderate 1 · 2.6%High 0 · 0%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
Questions and results
Travel restrictions reducing or stopping cross‐border travel
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Number or proportion of cases in the community | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, indirectness |
Number or proportion of imported or exported cases | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, indirectness |
Number or proportion of deaths | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, indirectness |
Risk of importation or exportation | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, indirectness |
Probability of eliminating the epidemic | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
Effective reproduction number | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, indirectness |
Time to outbreak | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, indirectness |
Risk of outbreak | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, indirectness |
Number or proportion of cases at peak | no estimate extracted | NR | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, indirectness |
Epidemic growth acceleration | no estimate extracted | NR | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
Exportation growth rate | no estimate extracted | NR | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
No contributing study | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Screening at borders
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Number or proportion of cases exported | no estimate extracted | NR | Moderate Downgraded: imprecision |
Time to outbreak | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, indirectness |
Risk of outbreak | no estimate extracted | NR | Low Downgraded: imprecision |
Number or proportion of cases detected | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, indirectness |
Proportion of cases detected | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, indirectness |
Positive predictive value (PPV) | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, indirectness |
Proportion of secondary cases | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low Downgraded: imprecision |
Proportion of imported cases | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low Downgraded: imprecision |
No contributing study. | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Days at risk of transmitting the infection into the community | no estimate extracted | NR | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, indirectness |
Probability of releasing an infected individual into the community | no estimate extracted | NR | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, indirectness |
Quarantine
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Outcome category: cases avoided due to the measure | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Number or proportion of cases in the community | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias |
Proportion of imported cases | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, indirectness |
Number or proportion of cases seeded by imported cases | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, indirectness |
Probability of an imported case not infecting anyone | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, indirectness |
Time to outbreak | no estimate extracted | NR | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, indirectness |
Days at risk of transmitting the infection into the community | no estimate extracted | NR | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, indirectness |
Proportion of cases detected | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias |
Probability of releasing an infected individual into the community | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, indirectness |
Quarantine and screening at borders
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Outcome category: cases avoided due to the measure | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
No contributing study. | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Time to outbreak | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias |
Days at risk of transmitting the infection into the community | no estimate extracted | NR | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, indirectness |
Probability of releasing an infected individual into community | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, indirectness |
Proportion of cases detected | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, indirectness |