Cochrane · systematic review · CD011677
Strategies for enhancing the implementation of school‐based policies or practices targeting diet, physical activity, obesity, tobacco or alcohol use
Wolfenden, L, McCrabb, S, Barnes, C, et al. · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · 2022 · Cochrane Library
SoF tableOnly the outcomes this review put in its Summary of Findings table are listed (the Cochrane Handbook caps them at about seven per comparison). Its other analyses are not shown here.
Questions
7
current version
GRADE rated
7
No studies
0
Included studies
NR
No studies 0 · 0%Ungraded 0 · 0%Very low 2 · 28.6%Low 4 · 57.1%Moderate 1 · 14.3%High 0 · 0%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
Questions and results
Current version onlyComparison of strategies for enhancing the implementation of school‐based policies or practices targeting risk factors for chronic disease
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Implementation of policies, practices or programmes that promote student health in schools | SMD 1.04 | 22 studies · 897 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, inconsistency |
Student diet | SMD 0.08 | 11 studies · 16649 participants | Low |
Student physical activity | SMD 0.09 | 9 studies · 16389 participants | Low |
Student obesity | SMD 0.02 | 8 studies · 18618 participants | Moderate Downgraded: risk of bias, inconsistency |
Student tobacco use | SMD 0.03 | 3 studies · 3635 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
Adverse events | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 3 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, indirectness |
Cost‐effectiveness | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 4 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency, indirectness |
Comparison
Population: School aged children (5 ‐ <18 years)
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Implementation of school‐based policies, practices or programs that aim to promote healthy or reduce unhealthy behaviours relating to child diet, physical activity, obesity, or tobacco or alcohol use | no estimate extracted | 27 studies · 1599 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias |
Measures of student physical activity, diet, weight status, tobacco or alcohol use | no estimate extracted | 21 studies · 29181 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias |
Knowledge, skills or attitudes of school staff involved regarding the implementation of health promoting policies, or practices | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 1347 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias |
Cost or cost‐effectiveness of strategies to improve the implementation | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 42 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias |
Unintended adverse effects of strategies to improve implementation on schools, school staff or children | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 68 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency, indirectness |