Cochrane · systematic review · CD009377
Haloperidol for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (rapid tranquillisation)
Ostinelli, EG, Brooke‐Powney, MJ, Li, X, et al. · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · 2017 · Cochrane Library
SoF tableOnly the outcomes this review put in its Summary of Findings table are listed (the Cochrane Handbook caps them at about seven per comparison). Its other analyses are not shown here.
Questions
153
current version
GRADE rated
90
No studies
62
Included studies
NR
No studies 62 · 40.5%Ungraded 1 · 0.7%Very low 64 · 41.8%Low 18 · 11.8%Moderate 8 · 5.2%High 0 · 0%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
Questions and results
Current version onlyHALOPERIDOL compared to PLACEBO/NIL for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation
Population: patients with psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Tranquillisation or asleep not asleep at 2 hours HALOPERIDOL vs PLACEBO/NIL | RR 0.88 [0.82, 0.95] | 2 studies · 220 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, indirectness, publication bias |
Repeated need for tranquillisation needing additional injection within 24 hours HALOPERIDOL vs PLACEBO/NIL | RR 0.51 [0.42, 0.62] | 4 studies · 660 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, publication bias |
Specific behaviour ‐ threat or injury to self or others average change score (ABS, high = worse) at 2 hours HALOPERIDOL vs PLACEBO/NIL | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 474 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, indirectness, publication bias |
Global outcome ‐ overall improvement (not any improvement) HALOPERIDOL vs PLACEBO/NIL | RR 0.28 [0.08, 1.07] | 1 study · 40 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
Adverse effects: Specific ‐ dystonia within 24 hours HALOPERIDOL vs PLACEBO/NIL | RR 7.49 [0.93, 60.21] | 2 studies · 207 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, publication bias |
Economic outcome ‐ not reported HALOPERIDOL vs PLACEBO/NIL | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
HALOPERIDOL compared to OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: a. ARIPIPRAZOLE for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation
Population: patients with psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Tranquillisation or asleep ‐ not reported HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: a. ARIPIPRAZOLE | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Repeated need for rapid tranquillisation ‐ needing additional injection HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: a. ARIPIPRAZOLE | RR 0.78 [0.62, 0.99] | 2 studies · 473 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, publication bias |
Specific behaviours ‐ agitation: CABS average change score at 2 hours HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: a. ARIPIPRAZOLE | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 470 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, indirectness |
Global outcomes: need for benzodiazepine 2 HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: a. ARIPIPRAZOLE | RR 1.26 [0.74, 2.16] | 2 studies · 477 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, indirectness, publication bias |
Adverse effects: any serious, specific ‐ dystonia during 24 hours HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: a. ARIPIPRAZOLE | RR 6.63 [1.52, 28.86] | 2 studies · 477 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, publication bias |
Economic outcome ‐ not reported HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: a. ARIPIPRAZOLE | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
HALOPERIDOL compared to OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: b. CHLORPROMAZINE for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation
Population: patients with psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Tranquillisation or asleep Not tranquil or asleep HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: b. CHLORPROMAZINE | RR 1.93 [1.04, 3.6] | 1 study · 39 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, publication bias |
Repeated need for rapid tranquillisation ‐ more that 1 injection HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: b. CHLORPROMAZINE | RR 1.07 [0.89, 1.28] | 1 study · 30 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, publication bias |
Specific behaviour ‐ threat or injury of harm to self or others ‐ not reported HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: b. CHLORPROMAZINE | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Global outcome ‐ not any improvement HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: b. CHLORPROMAZINE | RR 0.15 [0.05, 0.49] | 2 studies · 89 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
Adverse effects: specific ‐ cardiovascular ‐ hypotension HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: b. CHLORPROMAZINE | RR 0.51 [0.01, 2.6] | 1 study · 30 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, publication bias |
Adverse effects: specific ‐ central nervous system ‐ seizures HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: b. CHLORPROMAZINE | RR 0.33 [0.01, 7.58] | 1 study · 30 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, publication bias |
Economic outcome ‐ not reported HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: b. CHLORPROMAZINE | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
HALOPERIDOL compared to OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: c. DROPERIDOL for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation
Population: psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Tranquillisation or asleep ‐ not asleep up to 2 hours HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: c. DROPERIDOL | RR 1.07 [0.44, 2.6] | 1 study · 228 participants | Moderate |
Repeated need for rapid tranquillisation ‐ more than 1 injection HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: c. DROPERIDOL | RR 2.38 [1.27, 4.47] | 2 studies · 255 participants | Moderate Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, publication bias |
Specific behaviour ‐ threat or injury to self or others ‐ not reported HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: c. DROPERIDOL | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Global outcome ‐ need for benzodiazepine HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: c. DROPERIDOL | RR 0.31 [0.07, 1.44] | 1 study · 228 participants | Moderate |
Adverse effects: specific ‐ dystonia HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: c. DROPERIDOL | RR 0.86 [0.11, 6.56] | 2 studies · 255 participants | Moderate Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, publication bias |
Economic outcome ‐ not reported HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: c. DROPERIDOL | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
HALOPERIDOL compared to OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: d. LOXAPINE for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation
Population: patients to psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Tranquillisation or asleep ‐ not asleep by 12 hours HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: d. LOXAPINE | RR 4.31 [0.54, 34.48] | 1 study · 54 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency, indirectness |
Global outcome: specific Not sedated at 60 minutes * HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: d. LOXAPINE | RR 3.5 [0.86, 14.18] | 1 study · 30 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency, indirectness, publication bias |
Specific behaviour ‐ aggression ‐ no overall improvement HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: d. LOXAPINE | RR 1.1 [0.69, 1.76] | 1 study · 30 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency, indirectness, publication bias |
Global outcome: no change at 48 hours CGI HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: d. LOXAPINE | RR 0.93 [0.14, 6.15] | 1 study · 56 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency |
Adverse effects: Specific ‐ dystonia between 0‐3 days (IM phase) HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: d. LOXAPINE | RR 0.94 [0.06, 13.93] | 1 study · 35 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency |
Adverse effects: Specific ‐ rigidity between 0‐3 days (IM phase) HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: d. LOXAPINE | RR 0.88 [0.65, 1.19] | 1 study · 35 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency, publication bias |
Economic outcome ‐ not reported HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: d. LOXAPINE | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
HALOPERIDOL compared to OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: e. OLANZAPINE for psychosis induced aggression or agitation
Population: psychosis induced aggression or agitation
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Tranquilisation or asleep HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: e. OLANZAPINE | RR 1.16 [1.02, 1.32] | 1 study · 257 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, indirectness, publication bias |
Repeated need for tranquillisation HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: e. OLANZAPINE | RR 1.06 [0.75, 1.51] | 3 studies · 392 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, indirectness, publication bias |
Specific behaviour ‐ threat or injury to self or others HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: e. OLANZAPINE | RR 0.96 [0.58, 1.58] | 1 study · 45 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, indirectness, publication bias |
Global outcome ‐ need for benzodiazepine during 24 hours HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: e. OLANZAPINE | RR 1.05 [0.63, 1.74] | 2 studies · 343 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, indirectness, publication bias |
Adverse effects: Specific ‐ dystonia during 24 hours HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: e. OLANZAPINE | RR 12.92 [1.67, 99.78] | 2 studies · 343 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, indirectness, publication bias |
Economic outcome ‐ not reported HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: e. OLANZAPINE | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
HALOPERIDOL compared to OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: f. PERPHENAZINE for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation
Population: patients with psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Tranquillisation or asleep ‐ not reported HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: f. PERPHENAZINE | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Repeated need for rapid tranquillisation ‐ not reported HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: f. PERPHENAZINE | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Specific behaviour ‐ injury or threat of self to others ‐ not reported HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: f. PERPHENAZINE | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Global outcome: general ‐ no improvement HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: f. PERPHENAZINE | RR 0.46 [0.04, 4.68] | 1 study · 44 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, publication bias |
Adverse effect: Specific ‐ hypotensive episode HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: f. PERPHENAZINE | RR 0.31 [0.01, 7.12] | 1 study · 44 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, publication bias |
Adverse effect ‐ discontinued due to EPS HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: f. PERPHENAZINE | RR 1.83 [0.18, 18.7] | 1 study · 44 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, indirectness, publication bias |
Economic outcome ‐ not reported HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: f. PERPHENAZINE | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
HALOPERIDOL compared to OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTICS: g. QUETIAPINE for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation
Population: psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Tranquillisation or asleep ‐ not reported HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTICS: g. QUETIAPINE | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Repeated need for tranquillisation ‐ not reported HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTICS: g. QUETIAPINE | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Specific behaviour ‐ agitation HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTICS: g. QUETIAPINE | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 80 participants | Low Downgraded: imprecision |
Global outcome ‐ not reported HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTICS: g. QUETIAPINE | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Adverse effects HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTICS: g. QUETIAPINE | RR 1.81 [1.19, 2.77] | 1 study · 80 participants | Low Downgraded: imprecision |
Economic outcome ‐ not reported HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTICS: g. QUETIAPINE | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
HALOPERIDOL compared to OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: h. RISPERIDONE for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation
Population: patients with psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Tranquillisation or asleep ‐ not asleep HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: h. RISPERIDONE | RR 0.84 [0.74, 0.95] | 1 study · 162 participants | Moderate Downgraded: risk of bias |
Repeated need for rapid tranquillisation ‐ needing additional benzodiazepine HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: h. RISPERIDONE | RR 0.98 [0.65, 1.47] | 2 studies · 286 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
Specific behaviours ‐ agitation >50% reduction in PANSS‐EC score HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: h. RISPERIDONE | RR 1.15 [0.6, 2.22] | 1 study · 124 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, publication bias |
Global outcome ‐ rated as severe ‐ CGI‐S HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: h. RISPERIDONE | RR 0.89 [0.51, 1.58] | 1 study · 162 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, publication bias |
Adverse effects: Specific ‐ EPS during 24 hours HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: h. RISPERIDONE | RR 1.6 [0.55, 4.62] | 1 study · 124 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, publication bias |
Adverse effects: Specific ‐ acute dystonia during 24 hours HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: h. RISPERIDONE | RR 5 [0.24, 102.07] | 2 studies · 286 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, publication bias |
Economic outcome ‐ not reported HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: h. RISPERIDONE | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
HALOPERIDOL compared to OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: i. THIOTHIXENE for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation
Population: patients with psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Tranquillisation or asleep ‐ not reported HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: i. THIOTHIXENE | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Repeated need for rapid tranquillisation HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: i. THIOTHIXENE | RR 1.07 [0.89, 1.28] | 1 study · 30 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, publication bias |
Specific behaviour ‐ threat or injury to self or others ‐ not reported HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: i. THIOTHIXENE | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Global outcome No improvement at 1 hour HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: i. THIOTHIXENE | RR 0.5 [0.14, 1.84] | 1 study · 44 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, publication bias |
Adverse effects: specific ‐ hypotensive episode HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: i. THIOTHIXENE | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 30 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, publication bias |
Adverse effects: specific ‐ tachycardia HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: i. THIOTHIXENE | RR 0.28 [0.01, 6.52] | 1 study · 44 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, publication bias |
Economic outcome ‐ not reported HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: i. THIOTHIXENE | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
HALOPERIDOL compared to OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: j. ZIPRASIDONE for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation
Population: psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Tranquilisation or asleep ‐ not reported HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: j. ZIPRASIDONE | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Repeated need for tranquilisation HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: j. ZIPRASIDONE | RR 1.64 [1.07, 2.53] | 1 study · 60 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias |
Specific behaviour ‐ agitation HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: j. ZIPRASIDONE | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 231 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, indirectness, publication bias |
Global outcome HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: j. ZIPRASIDONE | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 132 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, indirectness, publication bias |
Adverse effects: Specific ‐ dystonia during 72 hours HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: j. ZIPRASIDONE | RR 10.26 [1.67, 63.17] | 2 studies · 508 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, indirectness, publication bias |
Adverse effects: Specific ‐ clinically significant abnormal ECG during 72 hours HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: j. ZIPRASIDONE | RR 1.01 [0.6, 1.71] | 1 study · 376 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, indirectness, publication bias |
Economic outcome ‐ not reported HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: j. ZIPRASIDONE | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
HALOPERIDOL compared to OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: k. ZUCLOPENTHIXOL ACETATE for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation
Population: patients with psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Tranquillisation or asleep ‐ not reported HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: k. ZUCLOPENTHIXOL ACETATE | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Repeated need for rapid tranquillisation ‐ more than 3 injections HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: k. ZUCLOPENTHIXOL ACETATE | RR 2.54 [1.19, 5.46] | 1 study · 70 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, indirectness |
Specific behaviour ‐ threat or injury to self or others ‐ not reported HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: k. ZUCLOPENTHIXOL ACETATE | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Global outcome ‐ not reported HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: k. ZUCLOPENTHIXOL ACETATE | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Adverse effects: specific ‐ tremor by 7 days HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: k. ZUCLOPENTHIXOL ACETATE | RR 4.16 [0.93, 18.62] | 1 study · 70 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, indirectness |
Economic outcome ‐ not reported HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: k. ZUCLOPENTHIXOL ACETATE | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
HALOPERIDOL compared to BENZODIAZEPINE: a. FLUNITRAZEPAM for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation
Population: patients with psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Tranquillisation or asleep ‐ not reported HALOPERIDOL vs BENZODIAZEPINE: a. FLUNITRAZEPAM | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Repeated need for tranquillisation within 24 hours ‐ not reported HALOPERIDOL vs BENZODIAZEPINE: a. FLUNITRAZEPAM | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Specific behaviours ‐ aggression 50% reduction in OAS score at 90 minutes HALOPERIDOL vs BENZODIAZEPINE: a. FLUNITRAZEPAM | RR 1.15 [0.86, 1.55] | 1 study · 28 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, indirectness, publication bias |
Global outcome ‐ need for restraint or seclusion HALOPERIDOL vs BENZODIAZEPINE: a. FLUNITRAZEPAM | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 28 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, indirectness, publication bias |
Adverse effects: specific ‐ EPS HALOPERIDOL vs BENZODIAZEPINE: a. FLUNITRAZEPAM | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 28 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, indirectness, publication bias |
Economic outcome ‐ not reported HALOPERIDOL vs BENZODIAZEPINE: a. FLUNITRAZEPAM | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
HALOPERIDOL compared to BENZODIAZEPINE: b. LORAZEPAM for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation
Population: patients with psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Tranquillisation or asleep not asleep at 60 minutes HALOPERIDOL vs BENZODIAZEPINE: b. LORAZEPAM | RR 1.05 [0.76, 1.44] | 1 study · 60 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, indirectness, publication bias |
Repeated need for rapid tranquillisation more than 1 injection HALOPERIDOL vs BENZODIAZEPINE: b. LORAZEPAM | RR 1.14 [0.91, 1.43] | 1 study · 66 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, publication bias |
Specific behaviour ‐ threat or injury to self or others within 24 hours ‐ not reported HALOPERIDOL vs BENZODIAZEPINE: b. LORAZEPAM | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Global outcome: no overall improvement ‐ at 60 minutes HALOPERIDOL vs BENZODIAZEPINE: b. LORAZEPAM | RR 1.64 [0.54, 5.03] | 1 study · 44 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
Adverse effects: specific ‐ dystonia (only reported if occurred in ≥9% during 24 hours) HALOPERIDOL vs BENZODIAZEPINE: b. LORAZEPAM | RR 3.54 [0.42, 30.03] | 1 study · 66 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, publication bias |
Adverse effects: specific ‐ hypertonia/rigidity (only reported if occurred in ≥9%) during 24 hours HALOPERIDOL vs BENZODIAZEPINE: b. LORAZEPAM | RR 6.22 [0.33, 115.91] | 1 study · 66 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, publication bias |
Economic outcome ‐ not reported HALOPERIDOL vs BENZODIAZEPINE: b. LORAZEPAM | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
HALOPERIDOL compared to BENZODIAZEPINE: c. MIDAZOLAM for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation
Population: patients with psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Tranquillisation or asleep ‐ not reported HALOPERIDOL vs BENZODIAZEPINE: c. MIDAZOLAM | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Repeated need for rapid tranquillisation ‐ not reported HALOPERIDOL vs BENZODIAZEPINE: c. MIDAZOLAM | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Specific behaviour ‐ threat or injury to self or others ‐ not reported HALOPERIDOL vs BENZODIAZEPINE: c. MIDAZOLAM | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Global outcome Need for rescue drug HALOPERIDOL vs BENZODIAZEPINE: c. MIDAZOLAM | RR 1.14 [0.46, 2.87] | 1 study · 84 participants | Low Downgraded: imprecision, indirectness |
Adverse effects ‐ general ‐ one or more drug‐related adverse effect HALOPERIDOL vs BENZODIAZEPINE: c. MIDAZOLAM | RR 5 [0.25, 101.11] | 1 study · 84 participants | Low Downgraded: imprecision, indirectness |
Economic outcome ‐ not reported HALOPERIDOL vs BENZODIAZEPINE: c. MIDAZOLAM | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
HALOPERIDOL compared to COMBINATIONS: a. HALOPERIDOL + LEVOMEPROMAZINE for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation
Population: patients with psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Tranquillisation or asleep ‐ not reported HALOPERIDOL vs COMBINATIONS: a. HALOPERIDOL + LEVOMEPROMAZINE | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Repeated need for tranquillisation ‐ not reported HALOPERIDOL vs COMBINATIONS: a. HALOPERIDOL + LEVOMEPROMAZINE | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Specific behaviours ‐ threat or injury to self or others ‐ not reported HALOPERIDOL vs COMBINATIONS: a. HALOPERIDOL + LEVOMEPROMAZINE | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Global outcome: general ‐ no overall improvement HALOPERIDOL vs COMBINATIONS: a. HALOPERIDOL + LEVOMEPROMAZINE | RR 8.18 [0.5, 133.66] | 1 study · 19 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, publication bias |
Adverse effect: any serious, specific ‐ not reported HALOPERIDOL vs COMBINATIONS: a. HALOPERIDOL + LEVOMEPROMAZINE | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Economic outcome ‐ not measured HALOPERIDOL vs COMBINATIONS: a. HALOPERIDOL + LEVOMEPROMAZINE | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
HALOPERIDOL compared to COMBINATIONS: b. HALOPERIDOL + LORAZEPAM for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation
Population: patients with psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Tranquillisation or asleep ‐ not asleep by 3 hours HALOPERIDOL vs COMBINATIONS: b. HALOPERIDOL + LORAZEPAM | RR 1.83 [1.11, 3.02] | 1 study · 67 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, indirectness, publication bias |
Repeated need for rapid tranquillisation ‐ needing additional injection during 24 hours HALOPERIDOL vs COMBINATIONS: b. HALOPERIDOL + LORAZEPAM | RR 1.05 [0.87, 1.27] | 1 study · 67 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, publication bias |
Specific behaviour ‐ threat or injury to self or others ‐ not reported HALOPERIDOL vs COMBINATIONS: b. HALOPERIDOL + LORAZEPAM | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Global outcome: no overall improvement ‐ at 30 minutes HALOPERIDOL vs COMBINATIONS: b. HALOPERIDOL + LORAZEPAM | RR 2.67 [1.25, 5.68] | 1 study · 45 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
Adverse effects: Specific ‐ dystonia (only reported if occurred in ≥9%) during 24 hours HALOPERIDOL vs COMBINATIONS: b. HALOPERIDOL + LORAZEPAM | RR 8.25 [0.46, 147.45] | 1 study · 67 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, indirectness, publication bias |
Adverse effects: Specific ‐ hypertonia/rigidity (only reported if occurred in ≥9%) during 24 hours HALOPERIDOL vs COMBINATIONS: b. HALOPERIDOL + LORAZEPAM | RR 2.74 [0.3, 25.05] | 1 study · 67 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, indirectness, publication bias |
Economic outcome ‐ not reported HALOPERIDOL vs COMBINATIONS: b. HALOPERIDOL + LORAZEPAM | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
HALOPERIDOL compared to COMBINATIONS: c. HALOPERIDOL + MIDAZOLAM for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation
Population: psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Tranquillisation or asleep ‐ not reported HALOPERIDOL vs COMBINATIONS: c. HALOPERIDOL + MIDAZOLAM | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Repeated need for tranquillisation HALOPERIDOL vs COMBINATIONS: c. HALOPERIDOL + MIDAZOLAM | RR 0.88 [0.69, 1.13] | 1 study · 60 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias |
Specific behaviour ‐ agitation HALOPERIDOL vs COMBINATIONS: c. HALOPERIDOL + MIDAZOLAM | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 60 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias |
Global outcome HALOPERIDOL vs COMBINATIONS: c. HALOPERIDOL + MIDAZOLAM | RR 0.29 [0.13, 0.61] | 1 study · 60 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias |
Adverse effects HALOPERIDOL vs COMBINATIONS: c. HALOPERIDOL + MIDAZOLAM | RR 1.67 [0.44, 6.36] | 1 study · 60 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias |
Economic outcome ‐ not reported HALOPERIDOL vs COMBINATIONS: c. HALOPERIDOL + MIDAZOLAM | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
HALOPERIDOL compared to COMBINATIONS: d. HALOPERIDOL + PROMETHAZINE for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation
Population: psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Tranquillisation or asleep HALOPERIDOL vs COMBINATIONS: d. HALOPERIDOL + PROMETHAZINE | RR 1.6 [1.18, 2.16] | 1 study · 316 participants | Moderate Downgraded: risk of bias |
Repeated need for tranquillisation HALOPERIDOL vs COMBINATIONS: d. HALOPERIDOL + PROMETHAZINE | RR 0.78 [0.43, 1.41] | 2 studies · 376 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias |
Specific behaviours ‐ aggression HALOPERIDOL vs COMBINATIONS: d. HALOPERIDOL + PROMETHAZINE | RR 1.06 [0.68, 1.65] | 1 study · 316 participants | Moderate Downgraded: risk of bias |
Global outcomes HALOPERIDOL vs COMBINATIONS: d. HALOPERIDOL + PROMETHAZINE | RR 1.21 [0.84, 1.76] | 1 study · 316 participants | Moderate Downgraded: risk of bias |
Adverse effects: specific ‐ acute dystonia HALOPERIDOL vs COMBINATIONS: d. HALOPERIDOL + PROMETHAZINE | RR 19.48 [1.14, 331.92] | 1 study · 316 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias |
Adverse effects: specific ‐ seizure HALOPERIDOL vs COMBINATIONS: d. HALOPERIDOL + PROMETHAZINE | RR 2.05 [0.19, 22.39] | 1 study · 316 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias |
Economic outcome ‐ not reported HALOPERIDOL vs COMBINATIONS: d. HALOPERIDOL + PROMETHAZINE | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
HALOPERIDOL compared to COMBINATIONS: e. HALOPERIDOL + RISPERIDONE for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation
Population: psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Tranquillisation or asleep ‐ not reported HALOPERIDOL vs COMBINATIONS: e. HALOPERIDOL + RISPERIDONE | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Repeated need for tranquillisation ‐ not reported HALOPERIDOL vs COMBINATIONS: e. HALOPERIDOL + RISPERIDONE | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Specific behaviour ‐ agitation HALOPERIDOL vs COMBINATIONS: e. HALOPERIDOL + RISPERIDONE | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 100 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias |
Global outcome HALOPERIDOL vs COMBINATIONS: e. HALOPERIDOL + RISPERIDONE | RR 0.38 [0.11, 1.33] | 1 study · 100 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias |
Adverse effects: specific HALOPERIDOL vs COMBINATIONS: e. HALOPERIDOL + RISPERIDONE | RR 0.88 [0.48, 1.6] | 1 study · 100 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias |
Economic outcome ‐ not reported HALOPERIDOL vs COMBINATIONS: e. HALOPERIDOL + RISPERIDONE | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
HALOPERIDOL compared to COMBINATIONS: f. OLANZAPINE + MAGNESIUM VALPROATE for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation
Population: psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Tranquillisation or asleep ‐ not reported HALOPERIDOL vs COMBINATIONS: f. OLANZAPINE + MAGNESIUM VALPROATE | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Repeated need for tranquillisation ‐ not reported HALOPERIDOL vs COMBINATIONS: f. OLANZAPINE + MAGNESIUM VALPROATE | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Specific behaviour ‐ agitation HALOPERIDOL vs COMBINATIONS: f. OLANZAPINE + MAGNESIUM VALPROATE | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 64 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias |
Global outcome HALOPERIDOL vs COMBINATIONS: f. OLANZAPINE + MAGNESIUM VALPROATE | RR 1.06 [0.38, 2.95] | 1 study · 64 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias |
Adverse effects HALOPERIDOL vs COMBINATIONS: f. OLANZAPINE + MAGNESIUM VALPROATE | RR 3.06 [1.62, 5.79] | 1 study · 64 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias |
Economic outcome ‐ not reported HALOPERIDOL vs COMBINATIONS: f. OLANZAPINE + MAGNESIUM VALPROATE | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
HALOPERIDOL compared to COMBINATIONS: g. QUETIAPINE + MAGNESIUM VALPROATE for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation
Population: patients with psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Tranquillisation or asleep ‐ not reported HALOPERIDOL vs COMBINATIONS: g. QUETIAPINE + MAGNESIUM VALPROATE | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Repeated need for tranquillisation ‐ not reported HALOPERIDOL vs COMBINATIONS: g. QUETIAPINE + MAGNESIUM VALPROATE | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Specific behaviours ‐ agitation at 3 days average endpoint score (PANSS‐EC) HALOPERIDOL vs COMBINATIONS: g. QUETIAPINE + MAGNESIUM VALPROATE | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 60 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, indirectness |
Global effect Specific behaviour ‐ agitation ‐ no effect based on PANSS‐EC (< 25% decrease) HALOPERIDOL vs COMBINATIONS: g. QUETIAPINE + MAGNESIUM VALPROATE | RR 1.17 [0.44, 3.06] | 1 study · 60 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, indirectness |
Adverse effects ‐ any specific, serious ‐ not reported HALOPERIDOL vs COMBINATIONS: g. QUETIAPINE + MAGNESIUM VALPROATE | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Economic outcome ‐ not reported HALOPERIDOL vs COMBINATIONS: g. QUETIAPINE + MAGNESIUM VALPROATE | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
HALOPERIDOL compared to COMBINATIONS: h. RISPERIDONE + CLONAZEPAM for psychosis induced aggression or agitation
Population: psychosis induced aggression or agitation
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Tranquillisation or asleep HALOPERIDOL vs COMBINATIONS: h. RISPERIDONE + CLONAZEPAM | RR 0.82 [0.66, 1.03] | 1 study · 205 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias |
Repeated need for tranquillisation ‐ not reported HALOPERIDOL vs COMBINATIONS: h. RISPERIDONE + CLONAZEPAM | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Specific behaviour ‐ agitation HALOPERIDOL vs COMBINATIONS: h. RISPERIDONE + CLONAZEPAM | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 108 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias |
Global outcome HALOPERIDOL vs COMBINATIONS: h. RISPERIDONE + CLONAZEPAM | RR 0.6 [0.15, 2.38] | 1 study · 100 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
Adverse effects HALOPERIDOL vs COMBINATIONS: h. RISPERIDONE + CLONAZEPAM | RR 1.63 [1.12, 2.38] | 1 study · 205 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias |
Economic outcome ‐ not reported HALOPERIDOL vs COMBINATIONS: h. RISPERIDONE + CLONAZEPAM | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
HALOPERIDOL compared to COMBINATIONS: i. ZIPRASIDONE + CLONAZEPAM for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation
Population: psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Tranquillisation or asleep ‐ not reported HALOPERIDOL vs COMBINATIONS: i. ZIPRASIDONE + CLONAZEPAM | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Repeated need for tranquillisation ‐ not reported HALOPERIDOL vs COMBINATIONS: i. ZIPRASIDONE + CLONAZEPAM | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Specific behaviour ‐ agitation HALOPERIDOL vs COMBINATIONS: i. ZIPRASIDONE + CLONAZEPAM | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 71 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias |
Global outcome ‐ no improvement ‐ not reported HALOPERIDOL vs COMBINATIONS: i. ZIPRASIDONE + CLONAZEPAM | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Adverse effects ‐ not reported HALOPERIDOL vs COMBINATIONS: i. ZIPRASIDONE + CLONAZEPAM | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Economic outcome ‐ not reported HALOPERIDOL vs COMBINATIONS: i. ZIPRASIDONE + CLONAZEPAM | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
HALOPERIDOL compared with PLACEBO/NIL for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation
Population: patients with psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Tranquilisation or asleep not asleep at 2 hours HALOPERIDOL vs PLACEBO/NIL | RR 0.86 [0.79, 0.93] | 2 studies · 220 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, indirectness, publication bias |
Repeated need for tranquillisation needing additional injection during 24 hours HALOPERIDOL vs PLACEBO/NIL | RR 0.51 [0.42, 0.62] | 4 studies · 660 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, publication bias |
Specific behaviour ‐ threat or injury to self or others average change score (ABS, high = worse) at 2 hours HALOPERIDOL vs PLACEBO/NIL | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 474 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, indirectness, publication bias |
Global outcome ‐ not any improvement HALOPERIDOL vs PLACEBO/NIL | RR 0.28 [0.04, 2.07] | 1 study · 40 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
Adverse effects: Specific ‐ dystonia during 24 hours HALOPERIDOL vs PLACEBO/NIL | RR 7.49 [0.93, 60.21] | 2 studies · 207 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, publication bias |
Economic outcomes ‐ not reported HALOPERIDOL vs PLACEBO/NIL | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
HALOPERIDOL compared with OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: a. ARIPIPRAZOLE for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation
Population: patients with psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Tranquilisation or asleep ‐ not reported HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: a. ARIPIPRAZOLE | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Repeated need for rapid tranquillisation ‐ needing additional injection HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: a. ARIPIPRAZOLE | RR 0.78 [0.62, 0.99] | 2 studies · 473 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, publication bias |
Specific behaviours ‐ agitation: average change score at 2 hours CABS HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: a. ARIPIPRAZOLE | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 470 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, indirectness |
Global outcomes Need for benzodiazepine HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: a. ARIPIPRAZOLE | RR 1.26 [0.74, 2.16] | 2 studies · 477 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, indirectness, publication bias |
Adverse effects: serious, specific ‐ dystonia ‐ during 24 hours HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: a. ARIPIPRAZOLE | RR 2.84 [0.12, 69.22] | 1 study · 360 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, publication bias |
Adverse effects: serious ‐ rated as serious HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: a. ARIPIPRAZOLE | RR 0.57 [0.18, 1.81] | 2 studies · 477 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, publication bias |
Economic outcomes ‐ not reported HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: a. ARIPIPRAZOLE | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
HALOPERIDOL compared with OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: b. CHLORPROMAZINE for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation
Population: patients with psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Tranquilisation or asleep Not tranquil or asleep HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: b. CHLORPROMAZINE | RR 1.93 [1.04, 3.6] | 1 study · 39 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, publication bias |
Repeated need for rapid tranquillisation ‐ more that 1 injection HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: b. CHLORPROMAZINE | RR 1.07 [0.89, 1.28] | 1 study · 30 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, publication bias |
Specific behaviour ‐ threat or injury of harm to self or others ‐ not reported HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: b. CHLORPROMAZINE | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Global outcome ‐ not any improvement HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: b. CHLORPROMAZINE | RR 0.15 [0.05, 0.49] | 2 studies · 89 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
Adverse effects: specific ‐ severe hypotensive reaction HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: b. CHLORPROMAZINE | RR 0.2 [0.01, 3.85] | 1 study · 30 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, publication bias |
Adverse effects: specific ‐ status epilepticus HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: b. CHLORPROMAZINE | RR 0.33 [0.01, 7.58] | 1 study · 30 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, publication bias |
Economic outcome ‐ not reported HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: b. CHLORPROMAZINE | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
HALOPERIDOL compared with OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: c. DROPERIDOL for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation
Population: patients with psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Tranquilisation or asleep ‐ not reported HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: c. DROPERIDOL | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Repeated need for rapid tranquillisation ‐ more than 1 injection HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: c. DROPERIDOL | RR 2.23 [0.99, 5.06] | 1 study · 27 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, publication bias |
Specific behaviour ‐ threat or injury to self or others ‐ not reported HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: c. DROPERIDOL | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Global outcome ‐ not reported HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: c. DROPERIDOL | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Adverse effects: specific ‐ dystonia HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: c. DROPERIDOL | RR 2.12 [0.09, 47.68] | 1 study · 27 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, publication bias |
Economic outcome ‐ not reported HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: c. DROPERIDOL | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
HALOPERIDOL compared with OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: d. LOXAPINE for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation
Population: patients to psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Tranquillisation or asleep ‐ not asleep by 12 hours HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: d. LOXAPINE | RR 4.31 [0.54, 34.48] | 1 study · 54 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency, indirectness |
Repeated need for rapid tranquillisation Not sedated at 60 minutes HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: d. LOXAPINE | RR 5.69 [0.94, 34.46] | 1 study · 30 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency, indirectness, publication bias |
Specific behaviour ‐ Aggression ‐ no overall improvement HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: d. LOXAPINE | RR 1.1 [0.69, 1.76] | 1 study · 30 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency, indirectness, publication bias |
Global outcome: no change at 48 hours CGI HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: d. LOXAPINE | RR 0.93 [0.14, 6.15] | 1 study · 56 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency |
Adverse effects: Specific ‐ dystonia between 0‐3 days (IM phase) HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: d. LOXAPINE | RR 0.94 [0.06, 13.93] | 1 study · 35 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency |
Adverse effects: Specific ‐ rigidity between 0‐3 days (IM phase) HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: d. LOXAPINE | RR 0.88 [0.65, 1.19] | 1 study · 35 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency, publication bias |
Economic outcome ‐ not reported HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: d. LOXAPINE | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
HALOPERIDOL compared with OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: e. OLANZAPINE for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation
Population: patients with psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Tranquilisation or asleep not tranquil at 1 hour HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: e. OLANZAPINE | RR 1.14 [0.93, 1.4] | 1 study · 100 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, indirectness |
Repeated need for tranquillisation needing an additional injection HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: e. OLANZAPINE | RR 1.11 [0.78, 1.58] | 3 studies · 392 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, publication bias |
Specific behaviour ‐ threat or injury to self or others less than 40% reduction in PANSS‐EC rated at 120 minutes HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: e. OLANZAPINE | RR 1.06 [0.54, 2.11] | 1 study · 45 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, indirectness, publication bias |
Global outcome ‐ need for benzodiazepine during 24 hours HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: e. OLANZAPINE | RR 1.05 [0.63, 1.74] | 2 studies · 343 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, publication bias |
Adverse effects: Specific ‐ dystonia during 24 hours HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: e. OLANZAPINE | RR 12.92 [1.67, 99.78] | 2 studies · 343 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, publication bias |
Economic outcome ‐ not reported HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: e. OLANZAPINE | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
HALOPERIDOL compared with OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: f. PERPHENAZINE for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation
Population: patients with psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Tranquilisation or asleep ‐ not reported HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: f. PERPHENAZINE | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Repeated need for rapid tranquillisation ‐ not reported HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: f. PERPHENAZINE | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Specific behaviour ‐ injury or threat of self to others ‐ not reported HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: f. PERPHENAZINE | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Global outcome: general ‐ no improvement HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: f. PERPHENAZINE | RR 0.46 [0.04, 4.68] | 1 study · 44 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, publication bias |
Adverse effect: specific ‐ hypotensive episode HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: f. PERPHENAZINE | RR 0.31 [0.01, 7.12] | 1 study · 44 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, publication bias |
Adverse effect ‐ discontinued due to EPS HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: f. PERPHENAZINE | RR 1.83 [0.18, 18.7] | 1 study · 44 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, indirectness, publication bias |
Economic outcome ‐ not reported HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: f. PERPHENAZINE | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
HALOPERIDOL compared with OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: g. RISPERIDONE for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation
Population: patients with psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Tranquilisation or asleep Not asleep HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: g. RISPERIDONE | RR 0.84 [0.74, 0.95] | 1 study · 162 participants | Moderate Downgraded: risk of bias |
Repeated need for rapid tranquillisation Needing additional benzodiazepine HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: g. RISPERIDONE | RR 0.98 [0.65, 1.47] | 2 studies · 286 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
Specific behaviours ‐ agitation >50% reduction in PANSS‐EC score HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: g. RISPERIDONE | RR 1.15 [0.6, 2.22] | 1 study · 124 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, publication bias |
Global outcome ‐ rated as severe CGI‐S HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: g. RISPERIDONE | RR 0.89 [0.51, 1.58] | 1 study · 162 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, publication bias |
Adverse effects: Specific ‐ EPS during 24 hours HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: g. RISPERIDONE | RR 1.6 [0.55, 4.62] | 1 study · 124 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, publication bias |
Adverse effects ‐ acute dystonia during 24 hours HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: g. RISPERIDONE | RR 5 [0.24, 102.07] | 2 studies · 286 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, publication bias |
Economic outcome ‐ not reported HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: g. RISPERIDONE | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
HALOPERIDOL compared with OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: h. THIOTHIXENE for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation
Population: patients with psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Tranquilisation or asleep ‐ not reported HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: h. THIOTHIXENE | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Repeated need for rapid tranquillisation HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: h. THIOTHIXENE | RR 1.07 [0.89, 1.28] | 1 study · 30 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, publication bias |
Specific behaviour ‐ threat or injury to self or others ‐ not reported HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: h. THIOTHIXENE | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Global outcome No improvement at 1 hour HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: h. THIOTHIXENE | RR 0.43 [0.09, 2.08] | 1 study · 44 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, publication bias |
Adverse effects: specific ‐ hypotensive episode HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: h. THIOTHIXENE | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 30 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, publication bias |
Adverse effects: specific ‐ tachycardia HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: h. THIOTHIXENE | RR 0.28 [0.01, 6.52] | 1 study · 44 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, publication bias |
Economic outcome ‐ not reported HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: h. THIOTHIXENE | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
HALOPERIDOL compared with OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: i. ZIPRASIDONE for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation
Population: patients with psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Tranquilisation or asleep ‐ not reported HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: i. ZIPRASIDONE | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Repeated need for tranquillisation ‐ not reported HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: i. ZIPRASIDONE | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Specific behaviour ‐ agitation average endpoint scores at 2 hours on the PANSS‐EC HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: i. ZIPRASIDONE | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 231 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, indirectness |
Global outcome CGI‐I ‐ average change score at 72 hours. HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: i. ZIPRASIDONE | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 132 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, publication bias |
Adverse effects: Specific ‐ dystonia during 72 hours HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: i. ZIPRASIDONE | RR 10.26 [1.67, 63.17] | 2 studies · 508 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, publication bias |
Adverse effects: Specific ‐ clinically significant abnormal ECG during 72 hours HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: i. ZIPRASIDONE | RR 1.01 [0.6, 1.71] | 1 study · 376 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, indirectness, publication bias |
Economic outcome ‐ not reported HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: i. ZIPRASIDONE | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
HALOPERIDOL compared with OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: j. ZUCLOPENTHIXOL ACETATE for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation
Population: patients with psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Tranquilisation or asleep ‐ not reported HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: j. ZUCLOPENTHIXOL ACETATE | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Repeated need for rapid tranquillisation ‐ more than 3 injections HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: j. ZUCLOPENTHIXOL ACETATE | RR 2.54 [1.19, 5.46] | 1 study · 70 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, indirectness |
Specific behaviour ‐ threat or injury to self or others ‐ not reported HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: j. ZUCLOPENTHIXOL ACETATE | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Global outcome ‐ not reported HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: j. ZUCLOPENTHIXOL ACETATE | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Adverse effects: specific ‐ tremor by 7 days HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: j. ZUCLOPENTHIXOL ACETATE | RR 4.16 [0.93, 18.62] | 1 study · 70 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, indirectness |
Economic outcomes ‐ not reported HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: j. ZUCLOPENTHIXOL ACETATE | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
HALOPERIDOL compared with BENZODIAZEPINE: a. FLUNITRAZEPAM for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation
Population: patients with psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Tranquilisation or asleep ‐ not reported HALOPERIDOL vs BENZODIAZEPINE: a. FLUNITRAZEPAM | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Repeated need for tranquillisation within 24 hours ‐ not reported HALOPERIDOL vs BENZODIAZEPINE: a. FLUNITRAZEPAM | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Specific behaviours ‐ Aggression 50% reduction in OAS score at 90 minutes HALOPERIDOL vs BENZODIAZEPINE: a. FLUNITRAZEPAM | RR 0.38 [0.05, 3.26] | 1 study · 28 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, indirectness, publication bias |
Global outcome ‐ need for restraint or seclusion HALOPERIDOL vs BENZODIAZEPINE: a. FLUNITRAZEPAM | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 28 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, indirectness, publication bias |
Adverse effects: specific ‐ EPS HALOPERIDOL vs BENZODIAZEPINE: a. FLUNITRAZEPAM | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 28 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, indirectness, publication bias |
Economic outcome ‐ not reported HALOPERIDOL vs BENZODIAZEPINE: a. FLUNITRAZEPAM | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
HALOPERIDOL compared with BENZODIAZEPINE: b. LORAZEPAM for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation
Population: patients with psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Tranquillisation or asleep not asleep at 60 minutes HALOPERIDOL vs BENZODIAZEPINE: b. LORAZEPAM | RR 1.05 [0.76, 1.44] | 1 study · 60 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, indirectness, publication bias |
Repeated need for rapid tranquillisation more than 1 injection HALOPERIDOL vs BENZODIAZEPINE: b. LORAZEPAM | RR 1.14 [0.91, 1.43] | 1 study · 66 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, publication bias |
Specific behaviour ‐ threat or injury to self or others within 24 hours ‐ not reported HALOPERIDOL vs BENZODIAZEPINE: b. LORAZEPAM | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Global outcome: no overall improvement ‐ at 60 minutes HALOPERIDOL vs BENZODIAZEPINE: b. LORAZEPAM | RR 1.64 [0.54, 5.03] | 1 study · 44 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
Adverse effects: specific ‐ dystonia (only reported ifoccurred in ≧9%during 24 hours) HALOPERIDOL vs BENZODIAZEPINE: b. LORAZEPAM | RR 3.54 [0.42, 30.03] | 1 study · 66 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, publication bias |
Adverse effects: specific ‐ hypertonia/rigidity (only reported if occurred in ≧9%) during 24 hours HALOPERIDOL vs BENZODIAZEPINE: b. LORAZEPAM | RR 6.22 [0.33, 115.91] | 1 study · 66 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, publication bias |
Economic outcomes ‐ not reported HALOPERIDOL vs BENZODIAZEPINE: b. LORAZEPAM | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
HALOPERIDOL compared with BENZODIAZEPINE: c. MIDAZOLAM for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation
Population: patients with psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Tranquilisation or asleep ‐ not reported HALOPERIDOL vs BENZODIAZEPINE: c. MIDAZOLAM | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Repeated need for rapid tranquillisation ‐ not reported HALOPERIDOL vs BENZODIAZEPINE: c. MIDAZOLAM | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Specific behaviour ‐ threat or injury to self or others ‐ not reported HALOPERIDOL vs BENZODIAZEPINE: c. MIDAZOLAM | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Global outcome Need for rescue drug HALOPERIDOL vs BENZODIAZEPINE: c. MIDAZOLAM | RR 1.14 [0.46, 2.87] | 1 study · 84 participants | Low Downgraded: imprecision, indirectness |
Adverse effects general ‐ one or more drug related adverse effect HALOPERIDOL vs BENZODIAZEPINE: c. MIDAZOLAM | RR 5 [0.25, 101.11] | 1 study · 84 participants | Low Downgraded: imprecision, indirectness |
Economic outcome ‐ not reported HALOPERIDOL vs BENZODIAZEPINE: c. MIDAZOLAM | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
HALOPERIDOL compared with COMBINATIONS: a. HALOPERIDOL + LEVOMEPRAMINE for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation
Population: patients with psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Tranquilisation or asleep ‐ not reported HALOPERIDOL vs COMBINATIONS: a. HALOPERIDOL + LEVOMEPRAMINE | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Repeated need for tranquillisation ‐ not reported HALOPERIDOL vs COMBINATIONS: a. HALOPERIDOL + LEVOMEPRAMINE | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Specific behaviours ‐ threat or injury to self or others ‐ not reported HALOPERIDOL vs COMBINATIONS: a. HALOPERIDOL + LEVOMEPRAMINE | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Global outcome: general ‐ no overall improvement HALOPERIDOL vs COMBINATIONS: a. HALOPERIDOL + LEVOMEPRAMINE | RR 8.18 [0.5, 133.66] | 1 study · 19 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, publication bias |
Adverse effect: any serious, specific ‐ not reported HALOPERIDOL vs COMBINATIONS: a. HALOPERIDOL + LEVOMEPRAMINE | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Economic outcome ‐ not measured HALOPERIDOL vs COMBINATIONS: a. HALOPERIDOL + LEVOMEPRAMINE | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
HALOPERIDOL compared with COMBINATIONS: b. HALOPERIDOL + LORAZEPAM for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation
Population: patients with psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Tranquilisation or asleep ‐ not asleep by 3 hours HALOPERIDOL vs COMBINATIONS: b. HALOPERIDOL + LORAZEPAM | RR 1.83 [1.11, 3.02] | 1 study · 67 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, indirectness, publication bias |
Repeated need for rapid tranquillisation ‐ needing additional injection during 24 hours HALOPERIDOL vs COMBINATIONS: b. HALOPERIDOL + LORAZEPAM | RR 1.05 [0.87, 1.27] | 1 study · 67 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, publication bias |
Specific behaviour ‐ threat or injury to self or others ‐ not reported HALOPERIDOL vs COMBINATIONS: b. HALOPERIDOL + LORAZEPAM | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Global outcome: no overall improvement ‐ at 30 minutes HALOPERIDOL vs COMBINATIONS: b. HALOPERIDOL + LORAZEPAM | RR 2.67 [1.25, 5.68] | 1 study · 45 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
Adverse effects: Specific ‐ dystonia (only reported if occurred in ≧9%) during 24 hours HALOPERIDOL vs COMBINATIONS: b. HALOPERIDOL + LORAZEPAM | RR 8.25 [0.46, 147.45] | 1 study · 67 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, indirectness, publication bias |
Adverse effects: Specific ‐ hypertonia/rigidity (only reported if occurred in ≧9%) during 24 hours HALOPERIDOL vs COMBINATIONS: b. HALOPERIDOL + LORAZEPAM | RR 2.74 [0.3, 25.05] | 1 study · 67 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, indirectness, publication bias |
Economic outcome ‐ not reported HALOPERIDOL vs COMBINATIONS: b. HALOPERIDOL + LORAZEPAM | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
HALOPERIDOL compared with COMBINATIONS: c. HALOPERIDOL + PROMETHAZINE for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation
Population: patients with psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Tranquilisation or asleep Not tranquil or asleep at 20 minutes HALOPERIDOL vs COMBINATIONS: c. HALOPERIDOL + PROMETHAZINE | RR 1.6 [1.18, 2.16] | 1 study · 316 participants | Moderate Downgraded: risk of bias |
Repeated need for tranquillisation Need for additional drugs for tranquillisation HALOPERIDOL vs COMBINATIONS: c. HALOPERIDOL + PROMETHAZINE | RR 1.67 [0.71, 3.91] | 1 study · 316 participants | Moderate Downgraded: risk of bias |
Specific behaviours ‐ aggression Further aggressive episode within 24 hours HALOPERIDOL vs COMBINATIONS: c. HALOPERIDOL + PROMETHAZINE | RR 1.06 [0.68, 1.65] | 1 study · 316 participants | Moderate Downgraded: risk of bias |
Global outcomes restraints needed by 120 minutes HALOPERIDOL vs COMBINATIONS: c. HALOPERIDOL + PROMETHAZINE | RR 1.21 [0.84, 1.76] | 1 study · 316 participants | Moderate Downgraded: risk of bias, indirectness |
Adverse effects: specific ‐ acute dystonia HALOPERIDOL vs COMBINATIONS: c. HALOPERIDOL + PROMETHAZINE | RR 19.48 [1.14, 331.92] | 1 study · 316 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
Adverse effects: specific ‐ seizure HALOPERIDOL vs COMBINATIONS: c. HALOPERIDOL + PROMETHAZINE | RR 2.05 [0.19, 22.39] | 1 study · 316 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
Economic outcome ‐ no study data. ‐ not reported HALOPERIDOL vs COMBINATIONS: c. HALOPERIDOL + PROMETHAZINE | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
HALOPERIDOL compared with COMBINATIONS: d. QUETIAPINE + MAGNESIUM VALPROATE for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation
Population: patients with psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Tranquilisation or asleep ‐ not reported HALOPERIDOL vs COMBINATIONS: d. QUETIAPINE + MAGNESIUM VALPROATE | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Repeated need for tranquillisation ‐ not reported HALOPERIDOL vs COMBINATIONS: d. QUETIAPINE + MAGNESIUM VALPROATE | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Specific behaviours ‐ agitation at 3 days average endpoint score (PANSS‐EC) HALOPERIDOL vs COMBINATIONS: d. QUETIAPINE + MAGNESIUM VALPROATE | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 60 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, indirectness |
Global effect Specific behaviour ‐ agitation ‐ no effect based on PANSS‐EC (< 25% decrease) HALOPERIDOL vs COMBINATIONS: d. QUETIAPINE + MAGNESIUM VALPROATE | RR 1.17 [0.44, 3.06] | 1 study · 60 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, indirectness |
Adverse effects ‐ any specific, serious ‐ not reported HALOPERIDOL vs COMBINATIONS: d. QUETIAPINE + MAGNESIUM VALPROATE | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Economic outcome HALOPERIDOL vs COMBINATIONS: d. QUETIAPINE + MAGNESIUM VALPROATE | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |