Cochrane · systematic review · CD008133
Contracting out to improve the use of clinical health services and health outcomes in low‐ and middle‐income countries
Odendaal, WA, Ward, K, Uneke, J, et al. · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · 2018 · Cochrane Library
SoF tableOnly the outcomes this review put in its Summary of Findings table are listed (the Cochrane Handbook caps them at about seven per comparison). Its other analyses are not shown here.
Questions
9
current version
GRADE rated
6
No studies
3
Included studies
NR
No studies 3 · 33.3%Ungraded 0 · 0%Very low 0 · 0%Low 2 · 22.2%Moderate 4 · 44.4%High 0 · 0%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
Questions and results
Current version onlyComparison
Population: people who use governmental clinical health services that are contracted out to non‐governmental providers
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Immunisation of children 12 to 24 months old (over a 12 month period) | no estimate extracted | NR | Moderate |
Antenatal visits (over the previous 12 months) | no estimate extracted | NR | Moderate |
Female use of contraceptives (over a 12 month period) | no estimate extracted | NR | Moderate |
Health outcomes | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Mortality in the past year of children younger than 1 year (over a 12 month period) | no estimate extracted | NR | Low |
Incidence of diarrhoea in children younger than 5 years (over a 12 month period) | no estimate extracted | NR | Low |
Economic outcomes | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Individual healthcare expenditures (over a 12 month period) | no estimate extracted | NR | Moderate |
Adverse effects | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Comparison
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Health services utilisation  | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low |
Healthcare expenditure  | no estimate extracted | NR | Low |
Health outcomes  | no estimate extracted | NR | Low |